1 Spatial Modelling of the Terrestrial Environment - Georeferencial

272 Index
Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) Network,
National Science Foundation 138, 141
loss of lock (SRA) 17
LSM see land surface models
METEOSAT 138
METEOSAT-based rainfall estimates 158
warm cloud precipitation estimation 162–3
derivation of overland flow from curve number
maps 162–3
MICRO-SWEAT 61–2
microwave component used in exploratory SMOS
retrieval algorithm 71– 2, 72
prediction of surface soil-deeper soil moisture
relationship 69–70, 69
Microwave Doppler radar 252
for determining water velocities 85
microwave emission model of layered snowpacks
(MEMLS) 52
SNTHERM and Crocus 50
microwave emission models 50, 52, 53
coupled with land surface models 60–3
from soil, using coherent or non-coherent models
61
when soil surface is rough, use of Mo and
Schmugge model 62
microwave remote sensing algorithms, to 49, 50
microwave sensors
useful in polar regions 15
interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR)
18–19
satellite radar altimetry 16–18
misclassification errors/problems 83–4
national land cover map 87–8
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer
(MODIS) Airborne Simulator 182, 186, 266
Moran’s I 210, 220
values of for built-form compactness 222, 223
NASA/Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS)
251–2
incorporates Physical-Space Statistical Analysis
System (PSAS) data assimilation techniques
252
national censuses, suitability of for
studying/modelling urban systems 200
national land cover map 87–8
NOAH LSM 250–1
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)
67
Lake Tanganyika catchment 160–1
north-east Greenland ice stream (NEGIS) 26
InSAR-derived DEM 22–3, 24
Numerical Weather Prediction land surface forcing
biases, in coupled modelling 251
optical satellite images 201
potential for urban land-use mapping 203–4
pattern recognition techniques 204, 205
Orpington, Bromley (London)
identification of built-form constellations 217–18,
217
land-cover containment hierarchy 215–16
used to evaluate the built-form connectivity
approach 211
passive microwave remote sensing
of soil moisture 45–46, 45, 72–3
of snow volume 36
validation 53
photogrammetric data collection, some post
processing with local variance based filter
121–3
bilinear interpolation 126, 127
effects of different DEM resolutions and elevation
tolerance values 125–6, 126
main parameters: radius of search area 123
main parameters: SD tolerance 123–4
tolerance levels tested 123–4
Waimakariri River case study 114–15
discrepancies between check data and
photogrammetric data 128–9
errors and the stero-matching process 129
correction methods 133–4, 133
planning policy development 5
policy scenarios, Cambridgeshire, emissions impact
239–41
index of emissions impact for Reference and Policy
cases 240–1, 240, 241
precision, theoretical 134
probability density function (PDF) 71
Program for Integrated Earth System Modelling
(PRISM) 4
pyrogenic energy emissions
combustion 178–9
fire intensity 180–2
heat generation 179–80
pyrolysis 179
radar data, images of flooding 84
radar interferometry 18
RADARSAT 83, 84–5
radiative transfer models (emission models) 50, 51
radiative transfer theory 63–6
discrete, simple and extended Wilheit models
63–4
discrete model 64
extended Wilheit model 65–6
simple model 64–5
random function and regionalized variable 39
range window, satellite radar altimeter 17, 17