ghg-inventory-1990-2013

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For PFCs in Aluminium production, and for the Mineral industry category, the ETS is used as a primary data source. Verification will be done over time as these ETS returns are verified, but this has not been possible for this submission. All data supplied in response to annual surveys (for the Chemical industry, Metal industry, and Product uses as substitutes for ODS categories) was verified against national totals where possible and anomalous data followed up and checked. 4.1.7 Recalculations and improvements There were no recalculations for the Mineral industry or Metal industry source categories. For the Chemical industry category, the only recalculation necessary was for compliance with IPCC 2006 guidelines. Emissions from urea used as fertiliser are now reported in the Agriculture sector. Only on-site process emissions associated with ammonia and urea manufacture are now in the IPPU sector. A number of recalculations and improvements have been made in the Product uses as substitutes for ODS category. These have resulted from improved information on the import and use of stockpiled refrigerants and N 2 O, and the increasing use of alternative refrigerants (such as hydrocarbons). Expert review team comments Following review of previous submissions, the Expert Review Team (ERT) recommended that New Zealand continue efforts to improve the transparency of activity data in the Mineral industry, Chemical industry and Metal industry categories. This relates to activity data that is reported as confidential, and to the use of ETS returns in which some activity data (eg Cement production) is not transparently reported. Commercial confidentiality remains an issue for this and future submissions. The Inventory agency will continue to work with industry to allow inclusion of activity data in reporting. In addition, early provision of confidential activity data to future review teams will assist in allowing more rigorous review. Although verification of ETS returns has not been possible for this submission, over time verification will improve the transparency of reporting in the Mineral industry category. New Zealand makes significant use of import data to estimate emissions of PFCs used in the Refrigeration and air conditioning category. The ERT recommended that New Zealand try to obtain information necessary to calculate emissions at time of use. For this submission, data obtained from industry surveys has not allowed a change in this methodology. However, improved data has allowed more accurate assessment of the time of use for refrigerants, and the reported emissions for 2010–12 have been recalculated. The ERT also recommended that New Zealand reassess the uncertainty value of ±100 per cent assigned to activity data for the Lime production category, by investigating the possibility of unreported production. This has been completed and the default uncertainty is used in this submission. 96 New Zealand’s Greenhouse Gas Inventory 1990–2013
4.1.8 Quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) processes Figure 4.1.3 Tier 1 quality checks for the IPPU sector 4.2 Mineral industry (2.A) 4.2.1 Description Emissions from the Mineral industry source category include emissions of CO 2 from the calcination of limestone for cement and lime, and from the use of soda ash and limestone in the production of iron and steel, glass, and aluminium. Only CO 2 from calcination is reported here. Any emissions from the combustion of fuel to provide heat for these activities are reported in the Energy sector. Small amounts of indirect emissions (SO 2 only) from the Cement production category are also reported. There are two cement production facilities operating in New Zealand. Holcim New Zealand Ltd has a dry-process plant near Whangarei, and Golden Bay Cement Ltd has a wet-process cement plant at Cape Foulwind, on the west coast of the South Island. Another, smaller cement company (Lee Cement Ltd) also operated from 1995 to 1998. These facilities produce clinker from the calcination of limestone, and process it into Portland cement and general purpose cement. There are three companies (McDonalds Ltd, Websters Hydrated Lime Ltd and Perrys Group Ltd) making burnt and slaked lime at five different facilities in New Zealand. Soda ash and limestone are used under the Glass production category by two manufacturers. O-I New Zealand makes container glass and Tasman Insulation New Zealand Ltd makes glass for building insulation products. Limestone and soda ash are also used in the steel and aluminium industries. Emissions from this use are reported in the Mineral industry category to protect the confidentiality of the data. The only key category is CO 2 emissions from the Cement production category (level assessment). No sources were identified as key categories in the 2013 trend assessment. New Zealand’s Greenhouse Gas Inventory 1990–2013 97
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New Zealand’s Greenhouse Gas Inve
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Acknowledgements Key contributors M
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ewetting, are voluntary for the sec
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(table ES 3.1). This growth in emis
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Figure ES 4.3 Change in New Zealand
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Agriculture (chapter 5) 2013 New Ze
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Waste (chapter 7) The Waste sector
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in 1.AA.2.C Chemicals. Further deta
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Executive summary: References IPCC.
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Chapter 4: Industrial Processes and
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Chapter 14: Information on changes
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Table 5.1.1 Trends and relative con
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Table 6.5.1 New Zealand’s land-us
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Table 11.1.1 New Zealand’s emissi
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Figure 3.3.1 Reference and sectoral
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Figure 10.1.8 Effect of recalculati
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Convention were not enough to ensur
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i. New Zealand’s annual Inventory
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Quality control For this submission
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UNFCCC annual inventory review New
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Tier 1 methods apply IPCC default e
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The key categories that were identi
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Quantitative method used: IPPC Tier
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(b) IPCC Tier 1 category level asse
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(a) IPCC Tier 1 category trend asse
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(b) IPCC Tier 1 category trend asse
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cent from the trend uncertainty for
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Trading NZUs for international unit
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production of methanol has been spl
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Chapter 1: References Beets PN, Kim
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UNFCCC 2012a: FCCC/KP/CMP/2011/10/A
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population of non-dairy cattle, she
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Under the Climate Change Convention
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Table 2.2.1 New Zealand’s total (
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Figure 2.2.4 Change in New Zealand
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the forest management cap set at 3.
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Chapter 3: Energy 3.1 Sector overvi
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Table 3.1.1 Key sources of 1.A fuel
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Page 80 and 81: pricing information international
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Page 88 and 89: Figure 3.3.4 Energy sector quality
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Page 122 and 123: Chapter 3: References Australian Bu
Page 124 and 125: Chapter 4: Industrial Processes and
Page 126 and 127: Figure 4.1.1 New Zealand’s annual
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Page 132 and 133: 4.2.3 Uncertainties and time-series
Page 134 and 135: Emissions of CO 2 from hydrogen pro
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Page 142 and 143: Table 4.7.1 New Zealand’s halocar
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Page 146 and 147: agency. The weighted average quanti
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Page 150 and 151: Food and drink Emissions of NMVOCs
Page 152 and 153: Chapter 5: Agricu ulture 5.1 Sector
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Page 156 and 157: population and the reduction in non
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Page 166 and 167: Figure 5.1.6: Agriculture sectoral
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Page 176 and 177: Table 5.2.3 New Zealand’s implied
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grass-legume pasture, the predomina
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5.2.6 Source-specific planned impro
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Table 5.3.2 Distribution of livesto
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obtained from all New Zealand studi
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Nitrogen excretion rates for the mi
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Indirect nitrous oxide from manure
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the Enteric fermentation section, t
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(evaporation or sublimation) and su
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ivers, lakes and estuaries (Clough
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EF 1(UREA) = proportion of direct N
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MS T is the proportion of manure ex
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44 28 44 28 ∙ Where: AG
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with a peaty layer are included in
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Frac LEACH-H is the fraction of N a
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Nitrification inhibitor dicyandiami
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EF 3(PR&P) has the most influence o
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However, the authors concluded that
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5.7.2 Methodological issues The emi
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Chapter 5: References Some referenc
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Kelliher FM, Cox N, van der Weerden
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Thomas S, Wallace D, Beare M. 2014.
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2012-2013 Between 2012 and 2013, ne
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New Zealand’s exotic forest plant
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Table 6.1.4 New Zealand’s emissio
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Calculation of national emission es
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Further details on the emission fac
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land-use areas as at 1 January 1990
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Land-use subcategory Low producing
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The potential woody change layers w
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Figure 6.2.3 Land-use map of New Ze
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Figure 6.2.4 Identification of post
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no change: The area has not been de
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Figure 6.2.6 Land-use map of New Ze
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Prominent land-use changes between
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Table 6.2.6 New Zealand’s land-us
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6.2.4 Methodological change The 201
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had been detected at the 95 per cen
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In equation (4), , is the mean so
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767 samples and the smallest (Other
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significantly different from the re
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layer of the Land Environments New
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(Baisden et al, 2006a, 2006b). This
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Table 6.4.3 New Zealand’s net car
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Figure 6.4.2 New Zealand’s net ca
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Soil carbon changes associated with
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Figure 6.4.4 Location of New Zealan
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egenerating forest was driven prima
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The stand tending model: New Zealan
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Non-CO 2 emissions for pre-1990 pla
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(Stephens et al, 2012). In practice
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period is 2.2 tonnes C ha -1 yr -1
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Table 6.4.8 Uncertainty in New Zeal
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measured (Beets et al, 2011a, 2012a
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Mapping of forest areas will be ite
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section 6.2. Emissions and removals
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conversion (GPG-AFOLU, table 5.9, I
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6.5.6 Category-specific planned imp
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more information on deforestation,
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matter prior to conversion is lost)
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The majority of New Zealand’s hyd
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Soil carbon Soil carbon stocks in L
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Table 6.8.2 New Zealand’s carbon
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An analysis of change in area shows
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new activity data from the improved
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6.10.3 Uncertainties and time-serie
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Uncertainties and time-series consi
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with the clearing of vegetation pri
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Chapter 6: References Ausseil A, Ja
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Contract report prepared for the Mi
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www.mfe.govt.nz/publications/climat
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Wakelin SJ, Beets PN. 2013. Emissio
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Table 7.1.1 New Zealand’s greenho
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municipal solid waste activity data
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Table 7.2.1 Landfill emissions in C
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Methane correction factor and oxida
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which have been filled by correlati
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7.4.4 Source-specific QA/QC and ver
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production, and consequently the ne
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Summary of parameters used Table 7.
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Table 7.5.5 Parameter values applie
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Table 7.5.7 Parameter values applie
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Chapter 7: References Beca Infrastr
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Chapter 9: Indirect carbon dioxide
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Figure 10.1.1 Effect of recalculati
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Figure 10.1.4 Effect of change to o
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10.1.3 Agriculture Improvements mad
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10.1.4 Land use, land-use change an
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Table 10.1.5 Explanations and justi
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Table 10.1.8 Recalculations to New
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Sector CH 4 Energy - Navigation: li
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Chapter 11: KP-LULUCF 11.1 General
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Table 11.1.2 New Zealand’s emissi
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and Forestry, 2002). The two estate
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The Erosion Control Funding Program
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2009a). This led to a significant r
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Transitions to deforestation are ba
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Harvest of afforestation and refore
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is assumed that the carbon stock af
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gross:net accounting for afforestat
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Table 11.3.2 Recalculations to New
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period, whichever is later. In prac
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Figure 11.4.1 Verification of defor
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Recommends that, in case New Zealan
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Ministry of Agriculture and Forestr
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12.2 Summary of the standard electr
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Table 12.2.2 Copies of the 2014 fir
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Party NZ Submission Year 2015 Repor
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Table 6 a. Memo item: corrective tr
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Table 3. Expiry, cancellation and r
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Table 5 a. Summary information on a
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Table 12.2.4 Copies of the 2014 sec
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Table 5 (c). Summary information on
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Table 6 a. Memo item: corrective tr
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Type of information to be made publ
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Type of information to be made publ
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12.5 Calculation of the commitment
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Chapter 13: Information on changes
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several earthquakes of 6.5-6.9 magn
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Section subheading measures 15/CMP.
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the issues related to the implement
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A further example is New Zealand’
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4.2 of the IPCC 2006 Guidelines (IP
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IPCC Tier 1 category level assessme
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IPCC Tier 1 category level assessme
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IPCC Tier 1 category trend assessme
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IPCC Tier 1 category trend assessme
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Annex 2: Uncertainty analysis (tabl
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Table A2.1.1 The uncertainty calcul
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Table A2.1.2 The uncertainty calcul
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Annex 3.1: Detailed methodological
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Livestock category Non-dairy (beef)
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Table A3.1.2.3 Emission factors for
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Table A3.2.1 Uncertainty analysis f
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A3.2.2 LUCAS Data Management System
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database storage, management, versi
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Versioning at a number of levels en
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Annex 3: References Some references
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Annex 4: Methodology and data colle
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Table A4.2 Consumption-weighted ave
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Table A4.4 Nitrous oxide emission f
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Table A4.6 Carbon content (per cent
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Diesel N 2 O emission factors (mg/k
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446 New Zealand’s Greenhouse Gas
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Figure A4.2 New Zealand oil energy
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Annex 5: Additional material All su
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