ghg-inventory-1990-2013

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Submitted to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 10 th April 2015 Ministry for the Environment Manatū Mō Te Taiao PO Box 10-362, Wellington, New Zealand ISSN: 1179-223X (electronic) Publication number: ME 1195
Acknowledgements Key contributors Ministry for the Environment Olia Glade (National Inventory Compilation, National Inventory Focal Point; cross-sectoral analyses) Bridget Fraser and Daniel Lawrence (Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry sector (LULUCF) and Kyoto Protocol – LULUCF) Ted Jamieson (Industrial Process and Product Use, and Waste sectors) Helen Plume (QA/QC, general advice and guidance) Charles Rands (QA/QC, cross-sectoral chapter and analyses) Patrick Kavanagh (QA/QC for Industrial Processes and Product Use and Waste sectors, and cross-sectoral analyses) Lou Hunt, Kay Harrison (general advice and guidance) Ministry for Business, Innovation and Employment Michael Smith (Energy; Industrial Processes – CO 2 ) Ministry for Primary Industries Nicki Stevens, Simon Wear and Helen Grant (Agriculture sector) Environmental Protection Authority Thomas Barker, Kate Ryan (National Registry) Andrew Neal (QA/QC for the Industrial Processes and Product Use sector) Sandra Jones (QA/QC for the Waste sector) Ministry for Foreign Affairs and Trade Tim Breese, Tim Wang, Andrea Stewart, Merinda-Lee Hassall, John Egan (Information on Minimisation of Adverse Impacts) Technical contributors and contracted specialists Agriculture sector Gerald Rys and Peter Ettema, Ministry for Primary Industries Harry Clark, Cecile de Klein, Frank Kelliher, Mike Rollo, and Tony van der Weerden, AgResearch Surinder Saggar, Landcare Research Steve Thomas, Plant & Food Research Peer-reviewers: Gerald Rys, Peter Ettema and Chris Kerr, Ministry for Primary Industries; Alice Ryan, Ministry for the Environment Industrial Process and Solvents and Other Product Use sectors Wayne Hennessy (Fluorinated gases) Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry sector (LULUCF) and Kyoto Protocol – LULUCF Andrea Brandon, Deborah Burgess, Joanna Buswell, Michael Cooper, Patrick Kavanagh and Nigel Searles (LULUCF and KP-LULUCF) (Ministry for the Environment) Energy sector Cary Milkop, Bryan Field (Ministry for Business, Innovation and Employment) Photography and design Olia Glade, Nicki Stevens The Ministry for the Environment acknowledges the many valuable contributions provided by experts from industry, central and local government, and science organisations in the development of this inventory. New Zealand’s Greenhouse Gas Inventory 1990–2013 iii
Page 1: New Zealand’s Greenhouse Gas Inve
Page 5 and 6: ewetting, are voluntary for the sec
Page 7 and 8: (table ES 3.1). This growth in emis
Page 9 and 10: Figure ES 4.3 Change in New Zealand
Page 11 and 12: Agriculture (chapter 5) 2013 New Ze
Page 13 and 14: Waste (chapter 7) The Waste sector
Page 15 and 16: in 1.AA.2.C Chemicals. Further deta
Page 17 and 18: Executive summary: References IPCC.
Page 19 and 20: Chapter 4: Industrial Processes and
Page 21 and 22: Chapter 14: Information on changes
Page 23 and 24: Table 5.1.1 Trends and relative con
Page 25 and 26: Table 6.5.1 New Zealand’s land-us
Page 27 and 28: Table 11.1.1 New Zealand’s emissi
Page 29 and 30: Figure 3.3.1 Reference and sectoral
Page 31: Figure 10.1.8 Effect of recalculati
Page 34 and 35: Convention were not enough to ensur
Page 36 and 37: i. New Zealand’s annual Inventory
Page 38 and 39: Quality control For this submission
Page 40 and 41: UNFCCC annual inventory review New
Page 42 and 43: Tier 1 methods apply IPCC default e
Page 44 and 45: The key categories that were identi
Page 46 and 47: Quantitative method used: IPPC Tier
Page 48 and 49: (b) IPCC Tier 1 category level asse
Page 50 and 51: (a) IPCC Tier 1 category trend asse
Page 52 and 53:
(b) IPCC Tier 1 category trend asse
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cent from the trend uncertainty for
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Trading NZUs for international unit
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production of methanol has been spl
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Chapter 1: References Beets PN, Kim
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UNFCCC 2012a: FCCC/KP/CMP/2011/10/A
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population of non-dairy cattle, she
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Under the Climate Change Convention
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Table 2.2.1 New Zealand’s total (
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Figure 2.2.4 Change in New Zealand
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the forest management cap set at 3.
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Chapter 3: Energy 3.1 Sector overvi
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Table 3.1.1 Key sources of 1.A fuel
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improved significantly due to incre
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pricing information international
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the survey was conducted by Statist
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‒ Eleven landfill facilities, tot
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includes further information on liq
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Figure 3.3.4 Energy sector quality
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Figure 3.3.7 Carbon dioxide implied
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ecause the share of electricity gen
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Figure 3.3.9 Decision tree to ident
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Other - Other non-specified - Solid
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esult of this reallocation, and emi
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Figure 3.3.12 Splits used for manuf
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3.3.8 Fuel combustion: Transport (C
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Figure 3.3.13 Methane emissions fro
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‒ a is the slope of the line achi
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purpose-built natural gas (CNG) bus
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sufficient and robust enough to ens
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Residential - Liquid Fuels. Key cat
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Changes in emissions between 2012 a
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The main source of emissions from t
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emissions factor (UEF) in place of
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2000) has an emissions factor that
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Chapter 3: References Australian Bu
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Chapter 4: Industrial Processes and
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Figure 4.1.1 New Zealand’s annual
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For PFCs in Aluminium production, a
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In 2013, the Mineral industry categ
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4.2.3 Uncertainties and time-series
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Emissions of CO 2 from hydrogen pro
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use of coal as a reducing agent and
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Perfluorocarbon emissions (t CO 2 -
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factors for the Iron and steel prod
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Table 4.7.1 New Zealand’s halocar
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commercial equipment is pre-charged
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agency. The weighted average quanti
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IPCC, 2000, Tier 1 approach was use
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Food and drink Emissions of NMVOCs
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Chapter 5: Agricu ulture 5.1 Sector
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emissions from manure management co
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population and the reduction in non
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performed on a monthly basis. The e
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egional council boundaries changed.
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onwards for six livestock improveme
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The populations of goats, horses an
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Figure 5.1.6: Agriculture sectoral
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non-urea synthetic fertiliser using
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leaders to follow, including the de
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The model has been updated to inclu
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Table 5.2.1 Trends and relative con
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Table 5.2.3 New Zealand’s implied
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grass-legume pasture, the predomina
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5.2.6 Source-specific planned impro
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Table 5.3.2 Distribution of livesto
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obtained from all New Zealand studi
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Nitrogen excretion rates for the mi
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Indirect nitrous oxide from manure
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the Enteric fermentation section, t
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(evaporation or sublimation) and su
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ivers, lakes and estuaries (Clough
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EF 1(UREA) = proportion of direct N
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MS T is the proportion of manure ex
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44 28 44 28 ∙ Where: AG
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with a peaty layer are included in
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Frac LEACH-H is the fraction of N a
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Nitrification inhibitor dicyandiami
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EF 3(PR&P) has the most influence o
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However, the authors concluded that
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5.7.2 Methodological issues The emi
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Chapter 5: References Some referenc
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Kelliher FM, Cox N, van der Weerden
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Thomas S, Wallace D, Beare M. 2014.
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2012-2013 Between 2012 and 2013, ne
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New Zealand’s exotic forest plant
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Table 6.1.4 New Zealand’s emissio
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Calculation of national emission es
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Further details on the emission fac
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land-use areas as at 1 January 1990
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Land-use subcategory Low producing
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The potential woody change layers w
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Figure 6.2.3 Land-use map of New Ze
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Figure 6.2.4 Identification of post
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no change: The area has not been de
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Figure 6.2.6 Land-use map of New Ze
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Prominent land-use changes between
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Table 6.2.6 New Zealand’s land-us
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6.2.4 Methodological change The 201
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had been detected at the 95 per cen
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In equation (4), , is the mean so
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767 samples and the smallest (Other
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significantly different from the re
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layer of the Land Environments New
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(Baisden et al, 2006a, 2006b). This
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Table 6.4.3 New Zealand’s net car
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Figure 6.4.2 New Zealand’s net ca
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Soil carbon changes associated with
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Figure 6.4.4 Location of New Zealan
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egenerating forest was driven prima
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The stand tending model: New Zealan
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Non-CO 2 emissions for pre-1990 pla
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(Stephens et al, 2012). In practice
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period is 2.2 tonnes C ha -1 yr -1
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Table 6.4.8 Uncertainty in New Zeal
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measured (Beets et al, 2011a, 2012a
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Mapping of forest areas will be ite
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section 6.2. Emissions and removals
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conversion (GPG-AFOLU, table 5.9, I
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6.5.6 Category-specific planned imp
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more information on deforestation,
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matter prior to conversion is lost)
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The majority of New Zealand’s hyd
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Soil carbon Soil carbon stocks in L
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Table 6.8.2 New Zealand’s carbon
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An analysis of change in area shows
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new activity data from the improved
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6.10.3 Uncertainties and time-serie
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Uncertainties and time-series consi
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with the clearing of vegetation pri
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Chapter 6: References Ausseil A, Ja
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Contract report prepared for the Mi
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www.mfe.govt.nz/publications/climat
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Wakelin SJ, Beets PN. 2013. Emissio
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Table 7.1.1 New Zealand’s greenho
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municipal solid waste activity data
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Table 7.2.1 Landfill emissions in C
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Methane correction factor and oxida
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which have been filled by correlati
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7.4.4 Source-specific QA/QC and ver
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production, and consequently the ne
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Summary of parameters used Table 7.
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Table 7.5.5 Parameter values applie
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Table 7.5.7 Parameter values applie
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Chapter 7: References Beca Infrastr
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Chapter 9: Indirect carbon dioxide
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Figure 10.1.1 Effect of recalculati
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Figure 10.1.4 Effect of change to o
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10.1.3 Agriculture Improvements mad
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10.1.4 Land use, land-use change an
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Table 10.1.5 Explanations and justi
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Table 10.1.8 Recalculations to New
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Sector CH 4 Energy - Navigation: li
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Chapter 11: KP-LULUCF 11.1 General
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Table 11.1.2 New Zealand’s emissi
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and Forestry, 2002). The two estate
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The Erosion Control Funding Program
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2009a). This led to a significant r
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Transitions to deforestation are ba
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Harvest of afforestation and refore
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is assumed that the carbon stock af
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gross:net accounting for afforestat
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Table 11.3.2 Recalculations to New
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period, whichever is later. In prac
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Figure 11.4.1 Verification of defor
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Recommends that, in case New Zealan
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Ministry of Agriculture and Forestr
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12.2 Summary of the standard electr
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Table 12.2.2 Copies of the 2014 fir
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Party NZ Submission Year 2015 Repor
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Table 6 a. Memo item: corrective tr
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Page 404 and 405:
Table 3. Expiry, cancellation and r
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Table 5 a. Summary information on a
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Table 12.2.4 Copies of the 2014 sec
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Page 414 and 415:
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Table 5 (c). Summary information on
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Table 6 a. Memo item: corrective tr
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Type of information to be made publ
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Type of information to be made publ
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12.5 Calculation of the commitment
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Chapter 13: Information on changes
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several earthquakes of 6.5-6.9 magn
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Section subheading measures 15/CMP.
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the issues related to the implement
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A further example is New Zealand’
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4.2 of the IPCC 2006 Guidelines (IP
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IPCC Tier 1 category level assessme
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IPCC Tier 1 category level assessme
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IPCC Tier 1 category trend assessme
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IPCC Tier 1 category trend assessme
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Annex 2: Uncertainty analysis (tabl
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Table A2.1.1 The uncertainty calcul
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Table A2.1.2 The uncertainty calcul
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Annex 3.1: Detailed methodological
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Livestock category Non-dairy (beef)
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Table A3.1.2.3 Emission factors for
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Table A3.2.1 Uncertainty analysis f
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A3.2.2 LUCAS Data Management System
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database storage, management, versi
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Versioning at a number of levels en
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Annex 3: References Some references
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Annex 4: Methodology and data colle
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Table A4.2 Consumption-weighted ave
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Table A4.4 Nitrous oxide emission f
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Table A4.6 Carbon content (per cent
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Diesel N 2 O emission factors (mg/k
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446 New Zealand’s Greenhouse Gas
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Figure A4.2 New Zealand oil energy
Page 482:
Annex 5: Additional material All su
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