ghg-inventory-1990-2013

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Prominent land-use changes between 1 January 1990 and 31 December 2013 include: forest establishment of 182,189 hectares (classified as post-1989 forest) that has occurred mostly on land that was previously grassland, primarily low producing grassland. Approximately 22,857 hectares of this post-1989 forest has subsequently been deforested deforestation of 168,024 hectares. This includes the 22,857 hectares of post-1989 forest mentioned above. This deforestation has occurred mainly in planted forests since 2004. Between 1990 and 2004, there was little deforestation of planted forests in New Zealand due to market conditions. Table 6.2.7 shows a land-use change matrix for the period 31 December 2012 to 31 December 2013. Land-use change from 2012 to 2013 No new mapping has been completed in 2013, therefore, most land-use changes for 2013 have been linearly extrapolated based on changes mapped between 2008 and 2012. The only exceptions to this are afforestation and deforestation where the following surrogate data sets have been used to estimate land-use change in 2013: deforestation of pre-1990 planted forest and post-1989 forest have been estimated based on the 2013 Deforestation Survey (Manley, 2014) deforestation of pre-1990 natural forest has been estimated as occurring at the same annual rate as during the period of 2008 to 2012. There are no trends in the mapped pre-1990 natural forest deforestation during the 2008 to 2012 period or obvious policy or market drivers to suggest a better approach to estimating the 2013 deforestation than simple averaging afforestation of post-1989 planted forest is based on estimates from the National Exotic Forest Description (Ministry for Primary Industries, 2013a). 216 New Zealand’s Greenhouse Gas Inventory 1990–2013
Table 6.2.5 New Zealand’s land-use change matrix from 1962 to 1989 1989 1962 Forest land Cropland Grassland Wetlands Settlements Pre- 1990 natural Pre- 1990 planted Post- 1989 Annual Perennial High producing Low producing With woody biomass Open water Vegetated Settlements Forest land Pre-1990 natural 7,850.3 46.8 7,897.1 Pre-1990 planted 273.3 448.4 357.1 441.6 1,520.3 Post-1989 – Cropland Annual 325.5 21.3 8.2 354.9 Perennial 0.9 59.2 5.1 4.1 69.2 Grassland High producing 77.0 21.1 19.1 4,869.1 484.1 392.8 50.8 5,914.1 Low producing 413.2 7,440.4 36.8 7,890.4 With woody biomass Other land Other land Net area 31 Dec 1989 (kha) 55.1 409.0 1,033.5 1,497.6 Wetlands Open water 14.4 517.5 531.9 Vegetated 146.0 146.0 Settlements Settlements 5.2 7.4 0.1 6.7 3.5 0.3 182.7 206.0 Other land Other land 897.5 897.5 Net area as at 31 Dec 1962 (kha) 8,688.4 448.4 – 354.9 78.4 4,902.1 8,706.5 1,951.8 517.5 196.9 182.7 897.5 26,925.2 Net change 1962–1989 –791.3 1,072.0 0.0 0.0 –9.2 1,011.9 –816.1 –454.2 14.4 –50.8 23.3 0.0 0.0 Net change 1962–1989 (%) –9.1 239.1 NA NA –11.7 20.6 –9.4 –23.3 2.8 –25.8 12.7 NA NA Note: Units in 000’s hectares; NA = not applicable. Shaded cells indicate land remaining in each category. Land-use area values are as at 1 January for 1962 and 31 December for 1989. Columns and rows may not total due to rounding. New Zealand’s Greenhouse Gas Inventory 1990–2013 217
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New Zealand’s Greenhouse Gas Inve
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Acknowledgements Key contributors M
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ewetting, are voluntary for the sec
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(table ES 3.1). This growth in emis
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Figure ES 4.3 Change in New Zealand
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Agriculture (chapter 5) 2013 New Ze
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Waste (chapter 7) The Waste sector
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in 1.AA.2.C Chemicals. Further deta
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Executive summary: References IPCC.
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Chapter 4: Industrial Processes and
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Chapter 14: Information on changes
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Table 5.1.1 Trends and relative con
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Table 6.5.1 New Zealand’s land-us
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Table 11.1.1 New Zealand’s emissi
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Figure 3.3.1 Reference and sectoral
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Figure 10.1.8 Effect of recalculati
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Convention were not enough to ensur
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i. New Zealand’s annual Inventory
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Quality control For this submission
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UNFCCC annual inventory review New
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Tier 1 methods apply IPCC default e
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The key categories that were identi
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Quantitative method used: IPPC Tier
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(b) IPCC Tier 1 category level asse
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(a) IPCC Tier 1 category trend asse
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(b) IPCC Tier 1 category trend asse
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cent from the trend uncertainty for
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Trading NZUs for international unit
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production of methanol has been spl
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Chapter 1: References Beets PN, Kim
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UNFCCC 2012a: FCCC/KP/CMP/2011/10/A
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population of non-dairy cattle, she
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Under the Climate Change Convention
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Table 2.2.1 New Zealand’s total (
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Figure 2.2.4 Change in New Zealand
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the forest management cap set at 3.
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Chapter 3: Energy 3.1 Sector overvi
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Table 3.1.1 Key sources of 1.A fuel
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improved significantly due to incre
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pricing information international
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the survey was conducted by Statist
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‒ Eleven landfill facilities, tot
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includes further information on liq
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Figure 3.3.4 Energy sector quality
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Figure 3.3.7 Carbon dioxide implied
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ecause the share of electricity gen
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Figure 3.3.9 Decision tree to ident
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Other - Other non-specified - Solid
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esult of this reallocation, and emi
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Figure 3.3.12 Splits used for manuf
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3.3.8 Fuel combustion: Transport (C
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Figure 3.3.13 Methane emissions fro
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‒ a is the slope of the line achi
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purpose-built natural gas (CNG) bus
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sufficient and robust enough to ens
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Residential - Liquid Fuels. Key cat
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Changes in emissions between 2012 a
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The main source of emissions from t
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emissions factor (UEF) in place of
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2000) has an emissions factor that
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Chapter 3: References Australian Bu
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Chapter 4: Industrial Processes and
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Figure 4.1.1 New Zealand’s annual
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For PFCs in Aluminium production, a
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In 2013, the Mineral industry categ
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4.2.3 Uncertainties and time-series
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Emissions of CO 2 from hydrogen pro
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use of coal as a reducing agent and
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Perfluorocarbon emissions (t CO 2 -
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factors for the Iron and steel prod
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Table 4.7.1 New Zealand’s halocar
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commercial equipment is pre-charged
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agency. The weighted average quanti
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IPCC, 2000, Tier 1 approach was use
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Food and drink Emissions of NMVOCs
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Chapter 5: Agricu ulture 5.1 Sector
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emissions from manure management co
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population and the reduction in non
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performed on a monthly basis. The e
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egional council boundaries changed.
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onwards for six livestock improveme
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The populations of goats, horses an
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Figure 5.1.6: Agriculture sectoral
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non-urea synthetic fertiliser using
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leaders to follow, including the de
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The model has been updated to inclu
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Table 5.2.1 Trends and relative con
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Table 5.2.3 New Zealand’s implied
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grass-legume pasture, the predomina
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5.2.6 Source-specific planned impro
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Table 5.3.2 Distribution of livesto
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obtained from all New Zealand studi
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Nitrogen excretion rates for the mi
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Indirect nitrous oxide from manure
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the Enteric fermentation section, t
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(evaporation or sublimation) and su
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ivers, lakes and estuaries (Clough
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EF 1(UREA) = proportion of direct N
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Page 222 and 223: Thomas S, Wallace D, Beare M. 2014.
Page 224 and 225: 2012-2013 Between 2012 and 2013, ne
Page 226 and 227: New Zealand’s exotic forest plant
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Page 230 and 231: Calculation of national emission es
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Page 272 and 273: Figure 6.4.4 Location of New Zealan
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matter prior to conversion is lost)
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The majority of New Zealand’s hyd
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Soil carbon Soil carbon stocks in L
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Table 6.8.2 New Zealand’s carbon
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An analysis of change in area shows
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new activity data from the improved
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6.10.3 Uncertainties and time-serie
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Uncertainties and time-series consi
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with the clearing of vegetation pri
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Chapter 6: References Ausseil A, Ja
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Contract report prepared for the Mi
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www.mfe.govt.nz/publications/climat
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Wakelin SJ, Beets PN. 2013. Emissio
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Table 7.1.1 New Zealand’s greenho
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municipal solid waste activity data
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Table 7.2.1 Landfill emissions in C
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Methane correction factor and oxida
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which have been filled by correlati
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7.2.6 Source-specific planned impro
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7.4.4 Source-specific QA/QC and ver
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production, and consequently the ne
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Summary of parameters used Table 7.
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Table 7.5.5 Parameter values applie
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Table 7.5.7 Parameter values applie
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Chapter 7: References Beca Infrastr
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Chapter 9: Indirect carbon dioxide
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Figure 10.1.1 Effect of recalculati
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Figure 10.1.4 Effect of change to o
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10.1.3 Agriculture Improvements mad
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10.1.4 Land use, land-use change an
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Table 10.1.5 Explanations and justi
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Table 10.1.8 Recalculations to New
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Sector CH 4 Energy - Navigation: li
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Chapter 11: KP-LULUCF 11.1 General
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Table 11.1.2 New Zealand’s emissi
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and Forestry, 2002). The two estate
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The Erosion Control Funding Program
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2009a). This led to a significant r
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Transitions to deforestation are ba
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Harvest of afforestation and refore
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is assumed that the carbon stock af
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gross:net accounting for afforestat
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Table 11.3.2 Recalculations to New
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period, whichever is later. In prac
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Figure 11.4.1 Verification of defor
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Recommends that, in case New Zealan
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Ministry of Agriculture and Forestr
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12.2 Summary of the standard electr
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Table 12.2.2 Copies of the 2014 fir
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Party NZ Submission Year 2015 Repor
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Table 6 a. Memo item: corrective tr
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Table 3. Expiry, cancellation and r
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Table 5 a. Summary information on a
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Table 12.2.4 Copies of the 2014 sec
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Table 5 (c). Summary information on
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Table 6 a. Memo item: corrective tr
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Type of information to be made publ
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Type of information to be made publ
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12.5 Calculation of the commitment
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Chapter 13: Information on changes
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several earthquakes of 6.5-6.9 magn
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Section subheading measures 15/CMP.
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the issues related to the implement
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A further example is New Zealand’
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4.2 of the IPCC 2006 Guidelines (IP
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IPCC Tier 1 category level assessme
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IPCC Tier 1 category level assessme
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IPCC Tier 1 category trend assessme
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IPCC Tier 1 category trend assessme
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Annex 2: Uncertainty analysis (tabl
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Table A2.1.1 The uncertainty calcul
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Table A2.1.2 The uncertainty calcul
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Annex 3.1: Detailed methodological
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Livestock category Non-dairy (beef)
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Table A3.1.2.3 Emission factors for
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Table A3.2.1 Uncertainty analysis f
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A3.2.2 LUCAS Data Management System
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database storage, management, versi
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Versioning at a number of levels en
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Annex 3: References Some references
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Annex 4: Methodology and data colle
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Table A4.2 Consumption-weighted ave
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Table A4.4 Nitrous oxide emission f
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Table A4.6 Carbon content (per cent
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Diesel N 2 O emission factors (mg/k
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446 New Zealand’s Greenhouse Gas
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Figure A4.2 New Zealand oil energy
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Annex 5: Additional material All su
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