ghg-inventory-1990-2013

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municipal solid waste activity data. For r this submission, the quality of data has been improved by use of NZ ETS and Waste Minimisation Act reporting. The ERT also encouraged New Zealand to improve reportingg of any possible open burning of waste. This will be explored ass and when data becomess available from surveys carried out by local authorities. 7.1.8 Quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) processes Figure 7.1.3 Tier 1 quality checks for the Waste sector 7.2 Solid waste disposal (5.A) 7.2. 1 Description In 2013, solid waste disposal contributed 4,600.3 kt CO 2 -e (92.1 per cent) of total emissions from the Waste sector. Solid waste disposal emissions in 2013 were 98.2 kt (2.1 per cent) below the 1990 level of 4,698.6 kt CO 2 -e. This small decrease is the net result of two trends: 1. Methane emissions from municipal landfills have been decreasing since 2004 due to improved landfill management practices, particularly methanee recovery; and 2. The total amount of waste disposed has continued to increase, duee mainly to population growth. In 2013 the amount of methane recoveredd from solid waste disposal sites was 1,354.25 kt CO 2 -e. Methane recovered in 2013 was 1169.6 kt CO 2 -e higher than the 1990 level of 184.65 kt CO 2 -e and 71.25 kt CO 2 -e higher than in 2012. 294 New Zealand’s Greenhouse Gas Inventory 1990–2013
Methane emissions from solid waste disposal were identified as a key category in the 2013 level assessment and trend assessment. Solid waste management in New Zealand Household and industrial solid waste in New Zealand is disposed of almost exclusively to landfills. There are three broad types of landfill sites in New Zealand: 1. Municipal landfills, which accept household waste but may also accept industrial waste or other types of solid waste. 2. Non-municipal landfills or significant landfill sites that do not accept household waste. These include cleanfills (sites disposing of largely inert waste), industrial fills, and sites that dispose of construction and demolition waste. 3. Farm fills. Disposal of household and other on-farm waste to land is prevalent in the farm sector. Since 1990, there have been a number of initiatives to improve solid waste management practices in New Zealand. These include: requirements for all landfills to meet resource consent conditions set under the Resource Management Act 1991 guidance and direction to local government and the Waste sector through the New Zealand Waste Strategy (Ministry for the Environment, 2002a) and its revision in 2010 (Ministry for the Environment, 2010) development of the Solid Waste Analysis Protocol, which provides a consistent classification system, sampling regimes and survey procedures to estimate the composition of solid waste (Ministry for the Environment, 2002b) the Waste Minimisation Act 2008, which imposes a levy of NZ$10 per tonne of municipal solid waste and enables regulations to establish product stewardship requirements and for information reporting. In addition, most municipal landfills are now mandatory participants in the NZ ETS, with obligations to report and surrender emission units for their methane emissions. These initiatives have contributed to substantial improvements in waste management since 1990. A large number of small, often poorly located and substandard municipal landfills have been closed, and most communities are now using larger, more modern regional facilities for disposal of their waste. In 2013 there were 49 municipal landfill sites, in comparison to 327 in 1995 and 563 in 1971. Management of non-municipal landfills and farm fills has also been affected by the Resource Management Act. However, these facilities are not currently required to pay the waste levy, to monitor and report the waste they accept, or to participate in the NZ ETS. 7.2.2 Methodological issues New Zealand has applied a Tier 2 approach by using the IPCC first order decay model for estimation of methane emissions from solid waste disposal to land. The different types of landfill sites – municipal landfills, non-municipal landfills and farm fills – are discussed below. These map to the CRF tables as shown in table 7.2.1. New Zealand’s Greenhouse Gas Inventory 1990–2013 295
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New Zealand’s Greenhouse Gas Inve
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Acknowledgements Key contributors M
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ewetting, are voluntary for the sec
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(table ES 3.1). This growth in emis
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Figure ES 4.3 Change in New Zealand
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Agriculture (chapter 5) 2013 New Ze
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Waste (chapter 7) The Waste sector
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in 1.AA.2.C Chemicals. Further deta
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Executive summary: References IPCC.
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Chapter 4: Industrial Processes and
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Chapter 14: Information on changes
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Table 5.1.1 Trends and relative con
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Table 6.5.1 New Zealand’s land-us
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Table 11.1.1 New Zealand’s emissi
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Figure 3.3.1 Reference and sectoral
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Figure 10.1.8 Effect of recalculati
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Convention were not enough to ensur
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i. New Zealand’s annual Inventory
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Quality control For this submission
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UNFCCC annual inventory review New
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Tier 1 methods apply IPCC default e
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The key categories that were identi
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Quantitative method used: IPPC Tier
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(b) IPCC Tier 1 category level asse
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(a) IPCC Tier 1 category trend asse
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(b) IPCC Tier 1 category trend asse
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cent from the trend uncertainty for
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Trading NZUs for international unit
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production of methanol has been spl
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Chapter 1: References Beets PN, Kim
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UNFCCC 2012a: FCCC/KP/CMP/2011/10/A
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population of non-dairy cattle, she
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Under the Climate Change Convention
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Table 2.2.1 New Zealand’s total (
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Figure 2.2.4 Change in New Zealand
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the forest management cap set at 3.
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Chapter 3: Energy 3.1 Sector overvi
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Table 3.1.1 Key sources of 1.A fuel
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improved significantly due to incre
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pricing information international
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the survey was conducted by Statist
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‒ Eleven landfill facilities, tot
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includes further information on liq
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Figure 3.3.4 Energy sector quality
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Figure 3.3.7 Carbon dioxide implied
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ecause the share of electricity gen
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Figure 3.3.9 Decision tree to ident
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Other - Other non-specified - Solid
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esult of this reallocation, and emi
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Figure 3.3.12 Splits used for manuf
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3.3.8 Fuel combustion: Transport (C
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Figure 3.3.13 Methane emissions fro
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‒ a is the slope of the line achi
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purpose-built natural gas (CNG) bus
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sufficient and robust enough to ens
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Residential - Liquid Fuels. Key cat
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Changes in emissions between 2012 a
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The main source of emissions from t
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emissions factor (UEF) in place of
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2000) has an emissions factor that
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Chapter 3: References Australian Bu
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Chapter 4: Industrial Processes and
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Figure 4.1.1 New Zealand’s annual
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For PFCs in Aluminium production, a
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In 2013, the Mineral industry categ
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4.2.3 Uncertainties and time-series
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Emissions of CO 2 from hydrogen pro
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use of coal as a reducing agent and
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Perfluorocarbon emissions (t CO 2 -
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factors for the Iron and steel prod
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Table 4.7.1 New Zealand’s halocar
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commercial equipment is pre-charged
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agency. The weighted average quanti
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IPCC, 2000, Tier 1 approach was use
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Food and drink Emissions of NMVOCs
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Chapter 5: Agricu ulture 5.1 Sector
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emissions from manure management co
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population and the reduction in non
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performed on a monthly basis. The e
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egional council boundaries changed.
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onwards for six livestock improveme
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The populations of goats, horses an
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Figure 5.1.6: Agriculture sectoral
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non-urea synthetic fertiliser using
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leaders to follow, including the de
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The model has been updated to inclu
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Table 5.2.1 Trends and relative con
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Table 5.2.3 New Zealand’s implied
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grass-legume pasture, the predomina
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5.2.6 Source-specific planned impro
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Table 5.3.2 Distribution of livesto
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obtained from all New Zealand studi
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Nitrogen excretion rates for the mi
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Indirect nitrous oxide from manure
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the Enteric fermentation section, t
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(evaporation or sublimation) and su
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ivers, lakes and estuaries (Clough
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EF 1(UREA) = proportion of direct N
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MS T is the proportion of manure ex
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44 28 44 28 ∙ Where: AG
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with a peaty layer are included in
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Frac LEACH-H is the fraction of N a
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Nitrification inhibitor dicyandiami
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EF 3(PR&P) has the most influence o
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However, the authors concluded that
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5.7.2 Methodological issues The emi
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Chapter 5: References Some referenc
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Kelliher FM, Cox N, van der Weerden
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Thomas S, Wallace D, Beare M. 2014.
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2012-2013 Between 2012 and 2013, ne
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New Zealand’s exotic forest plant
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Table 6.1.4 New Zealand’s emissio
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Calculation of national emission es
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Further details on the emission fac
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land-use areas as at 1 January 1990
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Land-use subcategory Low producing
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The potential woody change layers w
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Figure 6.2.3 Land-use map of New Ze
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Figure 6.2.4 Identification of post
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no change: The area has not been de
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Figure 6.2.6 Land-use map of New Ze
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Prominent land-use changes between
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Table 6.2.6 New Zealand’s land-us
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6.2.4 Methodological change The 201
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had been detected at the 95 per cen
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In equation (4), , is the mean so
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767 samples and the smallest (Other
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significantly different from the re
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layer of the Land Environments New
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(Baisden et al, 2006a, 2006b). This
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Table 6.4.3 New Zealand’s net car
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Figure 6.4.2 New Zealand’s net ca
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Soil carbon changes associated with
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Figure 6.4.4 Location of New Zealan
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egenerating forest was driven prima
Page 276 and 277: The stand tending model: New Zealan
Page 278 and 279: Non-CO 2 emissions for pre-1990 pla
Page 280 and 281: (Stephens et al, 2012). In practice
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Page 284 and 285: Table 6.4.8 Uncertainty in New Zeal
Page 286 and 287: measured (Beets et al, 2011a, 2012a
Page 288 and 289: Mapping of forest areas will be ite
Page 290 and 291: section 6.2. Emissions and removals
Page 292 and 293: conversion (GPG-AFOLU, table 5.9, I
Page 294 and 295: 6.5.6 Category-specific planned imp
Page 296 and 297: more information on deforestation,
Page 298 and 299: matter prior to conversion is lost)
Page 300 and 301: The majority of New Zealand’s hyd
Page 302 and 303: Soil carbon Soil carbon stocks in L
Page 304 and 305: Table 6.8.2 New Zealand’s carbon
Page 306 and 307: An analysis of change in area shows
Page 308 and 309: new activity data from the improved
Page 310 and 311: 6.10.3 Uncertainties and time-serie
Page 312 and 313: Uncertainties and time-series consi
Page 314 and 315: with the clearing of vegetation pri
Page 316 and 317: Chapter 6: References Ausseil A, Ja
Page 318 and 319: Contract report prepared for the Mi
Page 320 and 321: www.mfe.govt.nz/publications/climat
Page 322 and 323: Wakelin SJ, Beets PN. 2013. Emissio
Page 324 and 325: Table 7.1.1 New Zealand’s greenho
Page 328 and 329: Table 7.2.1 Landfill emissions in C
Page 330 and 331: Methane correction factor and oxida
Page 332 and 333: which have been filled by correlati
Page 334 and 335: 7.2.6 Source-specific planned impro
Page 336 and 337: 7.4.4 Source-specific QA/QC and ver
Page 338 and 339: production, and consequently the ne
Page 340 and 341: Summary of parameters used Table 7.
Page 342 and 343: Table 7.5.5 Parameter values applie
Page 344 and 345: Table 7.5.7 Parameter values applie
Page 346 and 347: Chapter 7: References Beca Infrastr
Page 348 and 349: Chapter 9: Indirect carbon dioxide
Page 350 and 351: Figure 10.1.1 Effect of recalculati
Page 352 and 353: Figure 10.1.4 Effect of change to o
Page 354 and 355: 10.1.3 Agriculture Improvements mad
Page 356 and 357: 10.1.4 Land use, land-use change an
Page 358 and 359: Table 10.1.5 Explanations and justi
Page 360 and 361: Table 10.1.8 Recalculations to New
Page 362 and 363: Sector CH 4 Energy - Navigation: li
Page 364 and 365: Chapter 11: KP-LULUCF 11.1 General
Page 366 and 367: Table 11.1.2 New Zealand’s emissi
Page 368 and 369: and Forestry, 2002). The two estate
Page 370 and 371: The Erosion Control Funding Program
Page 372 and 373: 2009a). This led to a significant r
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Harvest of afforestation and refore
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is assumed that the carbon stock af
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gross:net accounting for afforestat
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Table 11.3.2 Recalculations to New
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period, whichever is later. In prac
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Figure 11.4.1 Verification of defor
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Recommends that, in case New Zealan
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Ministry of Agriculture and Forestr
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12.2 Summary of the standard electr
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Table 12.2.2 Copies of the 2014 fir
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Party NZ Submission Year 2015 Repor
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Table 6 a. Memo item: corrective tr
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Table 3. Expiry, cancellation and r
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Table 5 a. Summary information on a
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Table 12.2.4 Copies of the 2014 sec
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Table 5 (c). Summary information on
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Table 6 a. Memo item: corrective tr
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Type of information to be made publ
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Type of information to be made publ
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12.5 Calculation of the commitment
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Chapter 13: Information on changes
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several earthquakes of 6.5-6.9 magn
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Section subheading measures 15/CMP.
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the issues related to the implement
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A further example is New Zealand’
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4.2 of the IPCC 2006 Guidelines (IP
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IPCC Tier 1 category level assessme
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IPCC Tier 1 category level assessme
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IPCC Tier 1 category trend assessme
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IPCC Tier 1 category trend assessme
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Annex 2: Uncertainty analysis (tabl
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Table A2.1.1 The uncertainty calcul
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Table A2.1.2 The uncertainty calcul
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Annex 3.1: Detailed methodological
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Livestock category Non-dairy (beef)
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Table A3.1.2.3 Emission factors for
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Table A3.2.1 Uncertainty analysis f
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A3.2.2 LUCAS Data Management System
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database storage, management, versi
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Versioning at a number of levels en
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Annex 3: References Some references
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Annex 4: Methodology and data colle
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Table A4.2 Consumption-weighted ave
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Table A4.4 Nitrous oxide emission f
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Table A4.6 Carbon content (per cent
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Diesel N 2 O emission factors (mg/k
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446 New Zealand’s Greenhouse Gas
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Figure A4.2 New Zealand oil energy
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Annex 5: Additional material All su
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