ghg-inventory-1990-2013

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4.2 of the IPCC 2006 Guidelines (IPCC, 2006). Key categories are defined as those categories whose cumulative percentages, when summed in decreasing order of magnitude, contributed 95 per cent of the total level or trend. A1.2 Disaggregation The classification of categories follows the classification outlined in table 4.1 of the IPCC 2006 Guidelines (IPCC, 2006) by: identifying categories at the level of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) categories using carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) equivalent emissions and considering each greenhouse gas from each category separately aggregating categories that use the same emission factors including LULUCF categories at the level shown in GPG-LULUCF table 5.4.1. A1.3 Tables 4.2 – 4.3 of the IPCC 2006 Guidelines (General Guidance and Reporting) Table A1.3.1 Results of the key category level analysis for 99 per cent of the net emissions and removals for New Zealand in 2013 IPCC Tier 1 category level assessment – including LULUCF (net emissions): 2013 IPCC categories Gas 2013 estimate (kt CO 2 -e) Level assessment (%) Cumulative total (%) Land Converted to Forest Land CO 2 21,403.5 17.770481 17.77048 Enteric Fermentation – Dairy Cattle CH 4 13,216.3 10.972985 28.74347 Harvested Wood Products CO 2 10,295.6 8.5480402 37.29151 Enteric Fermentation – Sheep CH 4 9,223.3 7.6577508 44.94926 Transport – Road Transport – Gasoline CO 2 6,936.0 5.7586937 50.70795 Agricultural Soils – Direct N 2 O Emissions – Urine and Dung Deposited by Grazing Animals N 2 O 5,679.4 4.7153871 55.42334 Transport – Road Transport – Diesel Oil CO 2 5,576.9 4.6302853 60.05362 Enteric Fermentation – Non-Dairy Cattle CH 4 5,392.4 4.477102 64.53072 Land Converted to Grassland CO 2 4,840.4 4.0187977 68.54952 Solid Waste Disposal CH 4 4,600.3 3.8194519 72.36897 Energy Industries – Public Electricity and Heat Production – Gaseous Fuels CO 2 3,409.0 2.8303614 75.19934 Forest Land Remaining Forest Land CO 2 2,123.7 1.7632263 76.96256 Metal Industry – Iron and Steel Production CO 2 1,747.5 1.4508819 78.41344 Energy Industries – Public Electricity and Heat Production – Solid Fuels CO 2 1,615.9 1.3416195 79.75506 Grassland Remaining Grassland CO 2 1,559.4 1.2947098 81.04977 Product Uses As Substitutes for ODS – Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Other Sectors – Agriculture/Forestry/Fishing – Liquid Fuels Manufacturing Industries and Construction – Chemicals – Gaseous Fuels Manufacturing Industries and Construction – Food Processing, Beverages and Tobacco – Solid Fuels HFCs & PFCs 1,518.5 1.2607521 82.31053 CO 2 1,313.4 1.0904654 83.40099 CO 2 1,295.6 1.0756868 84.47668 CO 2 1,206.3 1.0015444 85.47822 404 New Zealand’s Greenhouse Gas Inventory 1990–2013
IPCC Tier 1 category level assessment – including LULUCF (net emissions): 2013 IPCC categories Agricultural Soils – Direct N 2 O Emissions – Inorganic N Fertilisers Agricultural Soils – Indirect N 2 O Emissions – Atmospheric Deposition Gas 2013 estimate (kt CO 2 -e) Level assessment (%) Cumulative total (%) N 2 O 934.6 0.7759624 86.25418 N 2 O 913.9 0.758776 87.01296 Manure Management – Cattle – Dairy Cattle CH 4 896.9 0.7446615 87.75762 Energy Industries – Petroleum Refining – Liquid Fuels Fugitive – Oil and Natural Gas and Other Emissions from Energy Production – Other – Geothermal Manufacturing Industries and Construction – Other – Non-Metallic Minerals – Solid Fuels Manufacturing Industries and Construction – Food Processing, Beverages and Tobacco – Gaseous Fuels CO 2 778.5 0.6463586 88.40398 CO 2 597.3 0.4959152 88.8999 CO 2 573.1 0.4758229 89.37572 CO 2 573.0 0.4757398 89.85146 Mineral Industry – Cement Production CO 2 568.6 0.4720867 90.32354 Enteric Fermentation – Other – Deer CH 4 555.8 0.4614593 90.785 Manufacturing Industries and Construction – Other – Mining and Construction – Liquid Fuels CO 2 550.4 0.4569759 91.24198 Liming CO 2 540.1 0.4484242 91.6904 Metal Industry – Aluminium Production CO 2 533.8 0.4431936 92.1336 Agricultural Soils – Indirect N 2 O Emissions – Nitrogen Leaching and Run-Off N 2 O 496.1 0.4118927 92.54549 Urea Application CO 2 490.0 0.4068281 92.95232 Other Sectors – Commercial/Institutional – Gaseous Fuels Manufacturing Industries and Construction – Food Processing, Beverages and Tobacco – Liquid Fuels Energy Industries – Manufacture of Solid Fuels and Other Energy Industries – Gaseous Fuels CO 2 410.0 0.3404072 93.29273 CO 2 368.0 0.3055362 93.59826 CO 2 350.7 0.2911727 93.88944 Fugitive – Natural Gas – Processing CO 2 343.2 0.2849457 94.17438 Other Sectors – Commercial/Institutional – Liquid Fuels CO 2 340.3 0.282538 94.45692 Cropland Remaining Cropland CO 2 339.5 0.2818738 94.73879 Manufacturing Industries and Construction – Pulp, Paper and Print – Gaseous Fuels Fugitive – Oil and Natural Gas and Other Emissions From Energy Production – Other – at Industrial Plants and Power Stations CO 2 327.5 0.2719106 95.0107 CH 4 303.8 0.2522334 95.26294 Other Sectors – Residential – Gaseous Fuels CO 2 301.6 0.2504069 95.51334 Other Sectors – Agriculture/Forestry/Fishing – Solid Fuels CO 2 293.1 0.2433496 95.75669 Wastewater Treatment and Discharge CH 4 272.4 0.2261632 95.98286 Chemical Industry – Other – Hydrogen Production Agricultural Soils – Direct N 2 O Emissions – Crop Residues CO 2 252.4 0.209558 96.19241 N 2 O 251.3 0.2086447 96.40106 Other Sectors – Residential – Liquid Fuels CO 2 187.4 0.155591 96.55665 Fugitive – Natural Gas – Distribution CH 4 185.2 0.1537644 96.71041 New Zealand’s Greenhouse Gas Inventory 1990–2013 405
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New Zealand’s Greenhouse Gas Inve
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Acknowledgements Key contributors M
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ewetting, are voluntary for the sec
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(table ES 3.1). This growth in emis
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Figure ES 4.3 Change in New Zealand
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Agriculture (chapter 5) 2013 New Ze
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Waste (chapter 7) The Waste sector
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in 1.AA.2.C Chemicals. Further deta
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Executive summary: References IPCC.
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Chapter 4: Industrial Processes and
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Chapter 14: Information on changes
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Table 5.1.1 Trends and relative con
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Table 6.5.1 New Zealand’s land-us
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Table 11.1.1 New Zealand’s emissi
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Figure 3.3.1 Reference and sectoral
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Figure 10.1.8 Effect of recalculati
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Convention were not enough to ensur
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i. New Zealand’s annual Inventory
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Quality control For this submission
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UNFCCC annual inventory review New
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Tier 1 methods apply IPCC default e
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The key categories that were identi
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Quantitative method used: IPPC Tier
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(b) IPCC Tier 1 category level asse
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(a) IPCC Tier 1 category trend asse
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(b) IPCC Tier 1 category trend asse
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cent from the trend uncertainty for
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Trading NZUs for international unit
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production of methanol has been spl
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Chapter 1: References Beets PN, Kim
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UNFCCC 2012a: FCCC/KP/CMP/2011/10/A
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population of non-dairy cattle, she
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Under the Climate Change Convention
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Table 2.2.1 New Zealand’s total (
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Figure 2.2.4 Change in New Zealand
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the forest management cap set at 3.
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Chapter 3: Energy 3.1 Sector overvi
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Table 3.1.1 Key sources of 1.A fuel
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improved significantly due to incre
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pricing information international
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the survey was conducted by Statist
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‒ Eleven landfill facilities, tot
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includes further information on liq
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Figure 3.3.4 Energy sector quality
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Figure 3.3.7 Carbon dioxide implied
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ecause the share of electricity gen
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Figure 3.3.9 Decision tree to ident
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Other - Other non-specified - Solid
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esult of this reallocation, and emi
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Figure 3.3.12 Splits used for manuf
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3.3.8 Fuel combustion: Transport (C
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Figure 3.3.13 Methane emissions fro
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‒ a is the slope of the line achi
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purpose-built natural gas (CNG) bus
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sufficient and robust enough to ens
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Residential - Liquid Fuels. Key cat
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Changes in emissions between 2012 a
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The main source of emissions from t
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emissions factor (UEF) in place of
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2000) has an emissions factor that
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Chapter 3: References Australian Bu
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Chapter 4: Industrial Processes and
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Figure 4.1.1 New Zealand’s annual
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For PFCs in Aluminium production, a
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In 2013, the Mineral industry categ
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4.2.3 Uncertainties and time-series
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Emissions of CO 2 from hydrogen pro
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use of coal as a reducing agent and
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Perfluorocarbon emissions (t CO 2 -
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factors for the Iron and steel prod
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Table 4.7.1 New Zealand’s halocar
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commercial equipment is pre-charged
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agency. The weighted average quanti
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IPCC, 2000, Tier 1 approach was use
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Food and drink Emissions of NMVOCs
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Chapter 5: Agricu ulture 5.1 Sector
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emissions from manure management co
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population and the reduction in non
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performed on a monthly basis. The e
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egional council boundaries changed.
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onwards for six livestock improveme
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The populations of goats, horses an
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Figure 5.1.6: Agriculture sectoral
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non-urea synthetic fertiliser using
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leaders to follow, including the de
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The model has been updated to inclu
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Table 5.2.1 Trends and relative con
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Table 5.2.3 New Zealand’s implied
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grass-legume pasture, the predomina
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5.2.6 Source-specific planned impro
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Table 5.3.2 Distribution of livesto
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obtained from all New Zealand studi
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Nitrogen excretion rates for the mi
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Indirect nitrous oxide from manure
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the Enteric fermentation section, t
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(evaporation or sublimation) and su
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ivers, lakes and estuaries (Clough
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EF 1(UREA) = proportion of direct N
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MS T is the proportion of manure ex
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44 28 44 28 ∙ Where: AG
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with a peaty layer are included in
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Frac LEACH-H is the fraction of N a
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Nitrification inhibitor dicyandiami
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EF 3(PR&P) has the most influence o
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However, the authors concluded that
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5.7.2 Methodological issues The emi
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Chapter 5: References Some referenc
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Kelliher FM, Cox N, van der Weerden
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Thomas S, Wallace D, Beare M. 2014.
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2012-2013 Between 2012 and 2013, ne
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New Zealand’s exotic forest plant
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Table 6.1.4 New Zealand’s emissio
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Calculation of national emission es
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Further details on the emission fac
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land-use areas as at 1 January 1990
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Land-use subcategory Low producing
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The potential woody change layers w
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Figure 6.2.3 Land-use map of New Ze
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Figure 6.2.4 Identification of post
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no change: The area has not been de
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Figure 6.2.6 Land-use map of New Ze
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Prominent land-use changes between
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Table 6.2.6 New Zealand’s land-us
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6.2.4 Methodological change The 201
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had been detected at the 95 per cen
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In equation (4), , is the mean so
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767 samples and the smallest (Other
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significantly different from the re
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layer of the Land Environments New
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(Baisden et al, 2006a, 2006b). This
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Table 6.4.3 New Zealand’s net car
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Figure 6.4.2 New Zealand’s net ca
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Soil carbon changes associated with
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Figure 6.4.4 Location of New Zealan
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egenerating forest was driven prima
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The stand tending model: New Zealan
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Non-CO 2 emissions for pre-1990 pla
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(Stephens et al, 2012). In practice
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period is 2.2 tonnes C ha -1 yr -1
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Table 6.4.8 Uncertainty in New Zeal
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measured (Beets et al, 2011a, 2012a
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Mapping of forest areas will be ite
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section 6.2. Emissions and removals
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conversion (GPG-AFOLU, table 5.9, I
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6.5.6 Category-specific planned imp
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more information on deforestation,
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matter prior to conversion is lost)
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The majority of New Zealand’s hyd
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Soil carbon Soil carbon stocks in L
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Table 6.8.2 New Zealand’s carbon
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An analysis of change in area shows
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new activity data from the improved
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6.10.3 Uncertainties and time-serie
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Uncertainties and time-series consi
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with the clearing of vegetation pri
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Chapter 6: References Ausseil A, Ja
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Contract report prepared for the Mi
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www.mfe.govt.nz/publications/climat
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Wakelin SJ, Beets PN. 2013. Emissio
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Table 7.1.1 New Zealand’s greenho
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municipal solid waste activity data
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Table 7.2.1 Landfill emissions in C
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Methane correction factor and oxida
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which have been filled by correlati
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7.4.4 Source-specific QA/QC and ver
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production, and consequently the ne
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Summary of parameters used Table 7.
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Table 7.5.5 Parameter values applie
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Table 7.5.7 Parameter values applie
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Chapter 7: References Beca Infrastr
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Chapter 9: Indirect carbon dioxide
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Figure 10.1.1 Effect of recalculati
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Figure 10.1.4 Effect of change to o
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10.1.3 Agriculture Improvements mad
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10.1.4 Land use, land-use change an
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Table 10.1.5 Explanations and justi
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Table 10.1.8 Recalculations to New
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Sector CH 4 Energy - Navigation: li
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Chapter 11: KP-LULUCF 11.1 General
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Table 11.1.2 New Zealand’s emissi
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and Forestry, 2002). The two estate
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The Erosion Control Funding Program
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2009a). This led to a significant r
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Transitions to deforestation are ba
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Harvest of afforestation and refore
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is assumed that the carbon stock af
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gross:net accounting for afforestat
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Table 11.3.2 Recalculations to New
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period, whichever is later. In prac
Page 386 and 387: Figure 11.4.1 Verification of defor
Page 388 and 389: Recommends that, in case New Zealan
Page 390 and 391: Ministry of Agriculture and Forestr
Page 392 and 393: 12.2 Summary of the standard electr
Page 394 and 395: Table 12.2.2 Copies of the 2014 fir
Page 396 and 397: Party NZ Submission Year 2015 Repor
Page 400 and 401: Table 6 a. Memo item: corrective tr
Page 404 and 405: Table 3. Expiry, cancellation and r
Page 406 and 407: Table 5 a. Summary information on a
Page 410 and 411: Table 12.2.4 Copies of the 2014 sec
Page 416 and 417: Table 5 (c). Summary information on
Page 418 and 419: Table 6 a. Memo item: corrective tr
Page 420 and 421: Type of information to be made publ
Page 422 and 423: Type of information to be made publ
Page 424 and 425: 12.5 Calculation of the commitment
Page 426 and 427: Chapter 13: Information on changes
Page 428 and 429: several earthquakes of 6.5-6.9 magn
Page 430 and 431: Section subheading measures 15/CMP.
Page 432 and 433: the issues related to the implement
Page 434 and 435: A further example is New Zealand’
Page 438 and 439: IPCC Tier 1 category level assessme
Page 440 and 441: IPCC Tier 1 category level assessme
Page 442 and 443: IPCC Tier 1 category trend assessme
Page 444 and 445: IPCC Tier 1 category trend assessme
Page 446 and 447: Annex 2: Uncertainty analysis (tabl
Page 448 and 449: Table A2.1.1 The uncertainty calcul
Page 450 and 451: Table A2.1.2 The uncertainty calcul
Page 452 and 453: Annex 3.1: Detailed methodological
Page 454 and 455: Livestock category Non-dairy (beef)
Page 456 and 457: Table A3.1.2.3 Emission factors for
Page 458 and 459: Table A3.2.1 Uncertainty analysis f
Page 460 and 461: A3.2.2 LUCAS Data Management System
Page 462 and 463: database storage, management, versi
Page 464 and 465: Versioning at a number of levels en
Page 466 and 467: Annex 3: References Some references
Page 468 and 469: Annex 4: Methodology and data colle
Page 470 and 471: Table A4.2 Consumption-weighted ave
Page 472 and 473: Table A4.4 Nitrous oxide emission f
Page 474 and 475: Table A4.6 Carbon content (per cent
Page 476 and 477: Diesel N 2 O emission factors (mg/k
Page 478 and 479: 446 New Zealand’s Greenhouse Gas
Page 480 and 481: Figure A4.2 New Zealand oil energy
Page 482: Annex 5: Additional material All su
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