ghg-inventory-1990-2013

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i. New Zealand’s annual Inventory report under Article 7.1 of the Protocol, including (but not limited to) the quantities of long-term certified emission reduction units and temporary certified emission reduction units that have expired or have been replaced, retired, or cancelled ii. New Zealand’s national communication (or periodic report) under Article 7.2 of the Kyoto Protocol and Article 12 of the Climate Change Convention iii. New Zealand’s report for the calculation of its initial assigned amount under Article 7.4 of the Kyoto Protocol, including its method of calculation. 2. In carrying out its functions, the inventory agency must: identify source categories collect data by means of: i. voluntary collection ii. collection from government agencies and other agencies that hold relevant information iii. collection in accordance with regulations made under this Part (if any) estimate the emissions and removals by sinks for each source category undertake assessments on uncertainties undertake procedures to verify the data retain information and documents to show how the estimates were determined. Section 36 of the Climate Change Response Act 2002 provides for the authorisation of inspectors to collect information needed to estimate emissions or removals of greenhouse gases. 1.2.2 Institutional arrangements, inventory management and planning New Zealand is required under Article 5.1 of the Kyoto Protocol to have a national system in place for its Inventory. New Zealand provided a full description of the national system in its initial report under the Kyoto Protocol (Ministry for the Environment, 2006). Changes to the National Inventory System are documented in chapter 13 of this submission. New Zealand has developed National Inventory System Guidelines that document the tasks required for making an official submission, starting from the submission of the previous year. The guidelines cover multiple aspects of the national Inventory production: planning, inventory process, quality assurance and control, communication and error management. The MfE is New Zealand’s single national entity for the Inventory, responsible for the overall development, compilation and submission of the inventory to the Climate Change Convention secretariat. The Ministry coordinates all of the government agencies and contractors involved in the Inventory. The national Inventory compiler is based at the MfE. Arrangements with other government agencies have evolved as resources and capacity have allowed, and as a greater understanding of the reporting requirements has been attained. The MfE calculates estimates of emissions for the IPPU sector, Waste sector, emissions and removals from the LULUCF sector and Article 3.3 and 3.4 activities under the Kyoto Protocol. Emissions of the non-CO 2 gases from the IPPU sector are obtained through 4 New Zealand’s Greenhouse Gas Inventory 1990–2013
industry surveys by consultants contracted by the MfE. The MfE compiles the various estimates for the IPPU sector. The Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (MBIE) collects and compiles all emissions from the Energy sector and CO 2 emissions from the IPPU sector. The Ministry for Primary Industries (MPI) compiles emissions from the Agriculture sector. Estimates are underpinned by research and modelling undertaken at New Zealand’s Crown research institutes and universities. The MfE chairs a cross-agency Reporting Governance Group that provides leadership over the reporting, modelling and projections of greenhouse gas emissions and removals. Membership includes representation from the MfE, the Environmental Protection Authority (EPA), MPI and MBIE. The key roles and expectations of the Reporting Governance Group include: guide, confer and approve inventory and projection improvements and assumptions (on the basis of advice from technical experts), planning and priorities, key messages, management of stakeholders and risks focus on delivery of reporting commitments to meet national and international requirements provide reporting leadership and guidance to analysts, modellers and technical specialists share information, provide feedback and resolve any differences between departments that impact on the delivery of the work programme monitor and report to the Climate Change Directors Group (a cross-agency group that oversees New Zealand’s international and domestic climate change policy) on the ‘big picture’ of the reporting work programme, direction, progress in delivery and capability to deliver. New Zealand’s national statistical agency, Statistics New Zealand, provides many of the official statistics for the Agriculture sector through regular agricultural censuses and surveys. Activity data on lime application and livestock slaughtering is also sourced from Statistics New Zealand. Population census data from Statistics New Zealand are used in the Waste, and Solvent and Other Product Use sectors. The Climate Change Response Act 2002 establishes the requirement for a registry and a registrar. The EPA is designated as the agency responsible for the implementation and operation of New Zealand’s national registry under the Kyoto Protocol, the New Zealand Emission Unit Register. The registry is electronic and accessible via the internet (www.eur.govt.nz). Information on the annual holdings and transactions of transferred and acquired units under the Kyoto Protocol is provided in the standard electronic format tables accompanying this submission. Refer to chapter 12 for further information. 1.2.3 Quality assurance and quality control Quality assurance and quality control are integral parts of preparing New Zealand’s Inventory. The MfE developed a quality assurance and control plan in 2004, as required by the Climate Change Convention reporting guidelines (UNFCCC, 2006; UNFCCC, 2013a) to formalise, document and archive the quality assurance and control procedures. Details of the quality control and quality assurance activities performed during the compilation of the 2015 Inventory submission are discussed in the relevant sections below. Examples of quality-control checks are provided in the MS Excel spreadsheets accompanying this submission. New Zealand’s Greenhouse Gas Inventory 1990–2013 5
Page 1 and 2: New Zealand’s Greenhouse Gas Inve
Page 3 and 4: Acknowledgements Key contributors M
Page 5 and 6: ewetting, are voluntary for the sec
Page 7 and 8: (table ES 3.1). This growth in emis
Page 9 and 10: Figure ES 4.3 Change in New Zealand
Page 11 and 12: Agriculture (chapter 5) 2013 New Ze
Page 13 and 14: Waste (chapter 7) The Waste sector
Page 15 and 16: in 1.AA.2.C Chemicals. Further deta
Page 17 and 18: Executive summary: References IPCC.
Page 19 and 20: Chapter 4: Industrial Processes and
Page 21 and 22: Chapter 14: Information on changes
Page 23 and 24: Table 5.1.1 Trends and relative con
Page 25 and 26: Table 6.5.1 New Zealand’s land-us
Page 27 and 28: Table 11.1.1 New Zealand’s emissi
Page 29 and 30: Figure 3.3.1 Reference and sectoral
Page 31: Figure 10.1.8 Effect of recalculati
Page 34 and 35: Convention were not enough to ensur
Page 38 and 39: Quality control For this submission
Page 40 and 41: UNFCCC annual inventory review New
Page 42 and 43: Tier 1 methods apply IPCC default e
Page 44 and 45: The key categories that were identi
Page 46 and 47: Quantitative method used: IPPC Tier
Page 48 and 49: (b) IPCC Tier 1 category level asse
Page 50 and 51: (a) IPCC Tier 1 category trend asse
Page 52 and 53: (b) IPCC Tier 1 category trend asse
Page 54 and 55: cent from the trend uncertainty for
Page 56 and 57: Trading NZUs for international unit
Page 58 and 59: production of methanol has been spl
Page 60 and 61: Chapter 1: References Beets PN, Kim
Page 62 and 63: UNFCCC 2012a: FCCC/KP/CMP/2011/10/A
Page 64 and 65: population of non-dairy cattle, she
Page 66 and 67: Under the Climate Change Convention
Page 68 and 69: Table 2.2.1 New Zealand’s total (
Page 70 and 71: Figure 2.2.4 Change in New Zealand
Page 72 and 73: the forest management cap set at 3.
Page 74 and 75: Chapter 3: Energy 3.1 Sector overvi
Page 76 and 77: Table 3.1.1 Key sources of 1.A fuel
Page 78 and 79: improved significantly due to incre
Page 80 and 81: pricing information international
Page 82 and 83: the survey was conducted by Statist
Page 84 and 85: ‒ Eleven landfill facilities, tot
Page 86 and 87:
includes further information on liq
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Figure 3.3.4 Energy sector quality
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Figure 3.3.7 Carbon dioxide implied
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ecause the share of electricity gen
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Figure 3.3.9 Decision tree to ident
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Other - Other non-specified - Solid
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esult of this reallocation, and emi
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Figure 3.3.12 Splits used for manuf
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3.3.8 Fuel combustion: Transport (C
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Figure 3.3.13 Methane emissions fro
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‒ a is the slope of the line achi
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purpose-built natural gas (CNG) bus
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sufficient and robust enough to ens
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Residential - Liquid Fuels. Key cat
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Changes in emissions between 2012 a
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The main source of emissions from t
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emissions factor (UEF) in place of
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2000) has an emissions factor that
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Chapter 3: References Australian Bu
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Chapter 4: Industrial Processes and
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Figure 4.1.1 New Zealand’s annual
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For PFCs in Aluminium production, a
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In 2013, the Mineral industry categ
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4.2.3 Uncertainties and time-series
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Emissions of CO 2 from hydrogen pro
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use of coal as a reducing agent and
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Perfluorocarbon emissions (t CO 2 -
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factors for the Iron and steel prod
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Table 4.7.1 New Zealand’s halocar
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commercial equipment is pre-charged
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agency. The weighted average quanti
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IPCC, 2000, Tier 1 approach was use
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Food and drink Emissions of NMVOCs
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Chapter 5: Agricu ulture 5.1 Sector
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emissions from manure management co
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population and the reduction in non
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performed on a monthly basis. The e
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egional council boundaries changed.
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onwards for six livestock improveme
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The populations of goats, horses an
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Figure 5.1.6: Agriculture sectoral
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non-urea synthetic fertiliser using
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leaders to follow, including the de
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The model has been updated to inclu
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Table 5.2.1 Trends and relative con
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Table 5.2.3 New Zealand’s implied
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grass-legume pasture, the predomina
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5.2.6 Source-specific planned impro
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Table 5.3.2 Distribution of livesto
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obtained from all New Zealand studi
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Nitrogen excretion rates for the mi
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Indirect nitrous oxide from manure
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the Enteric fermentation section, t
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(evaporation or sublimation) and su
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ivers, lakes and estuaries (Clough
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EF 1(UREA) = proportion of direct N
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MS T is the proportion of manure ex
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44 28 44 28 ∙ Where: AG
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with a peaty layer are included in
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Frac LEACH-H is the fraction of N a
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Nitrification inhibitor dicyandiami
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EF 3(PR&P) has the most influence o
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However, the authors concluded that
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5.7.2 Methodological issues The emi
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Page 216 and 217:
Page 218 and 219:
Chapter 5: References Some referenc
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Kelliher FM, Cox N, van der Weerden
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Thomas S, Wallace D, Beare M. 2014.
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2012-2013 Between 2012 and 2013, ne
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New Zealand’s exotic forest plant
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Table 6.1.4 New Zealand’s emissio
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Calculation of national emission es
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Further details on the emission fac
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land-use areas as at 1 January 1990
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Land-use subcategory Low producing
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The potential woody change layers w
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Figure 6.2.3 Land-use map of New Ze
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Figure 6.2.4 Identification of post
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no change: The area has not been de
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Figure 6.2.6 Land-use map of New Ze
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Prominent land-use changes between
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Table 6.2.6 New Zealand’s land-us
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6.2.4 Methodological change The 201
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had been detected at the 95 per cen
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In equation (4), , is the mean so
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767 samples and the smallest (Other
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significantly different from the re
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layer of the Land Environments New
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(Baisden et al, 2006a, 2006b). This
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Table 6.4.3 New Zealand’s net car
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Figure 6.4.2 New Zealand’s net ca
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Soil carbon changes associated with
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Figure 6.4.4 Location of New Zealan
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egenerating forest was driven prima
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The stand tending model: New Zealan
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Non-CO 2 emissions for pre-1990 pla
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(Stephens et al, 2012). In practice
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period is 2.2 tonnes C ha -1 yr -1
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Table 6.4.8 Uncertainty in New Zeal
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measured (Beets et al, 2011a, 2012a
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Mapping of forest areas will be ite
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section 6.2. Emissions and removals
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conversion (GPG-AFOLU, table 5.9, I
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6.5.6 Category-specific planned imp
Page 296 and 297:
more information on deforestation,
Page 298 and 299:
matter prior to conversion is lost)
Page 300 and 301:
The majority of New Zealand’s hyd
Page 302 and 303:
Soil carbon Soil carbon stocks in L
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Table 6.8.2 New Zealand’s carbon
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An analysis of change in area shows
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new activity data from the improved
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6.10.3 Uncertainties and time-serie
Page 312 and 313:
Uncertainties and time-series consi
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with the clearing of vegetation pri
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Chapter 6: References Ausseil A, Ja
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Contract report prepared for the Mi
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www.mfe.govt.nz/publications/climat
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Wakelin SJ, Beets PN. 2013. Emissio
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Table 7.1.1 New Zealand’s greenho
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municipal solid waste activity data
Page 328 and 329:
Table 7.2.1 Landfill emissions in C
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Methane correction factor and oxida
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which have been filled by correlati
Page 334 and 335:
Page 336 and 337:
7.4.4 Source-specific QA/QC and ver
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production, and consequently the ne
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Summary of parameters used Table 7.
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Table 7.5.5 Parameter values applie
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Table 7.5.7 Parameter values applie
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Chapter 7: References Beca Infrastr
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Chapter 9: Indirect carbon dioxide
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Figure 10.1.1 Effect of recalculati
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Figure 10.1.4 Effect of change to o
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10.1.3 Agriculture Improvements mad
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10.1.4 Land use, land-use change an
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Table 10.1.5 Explanations and justi
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Table 10.1.8 Recalculations to New
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Sector CH 4 Energy - Navigation: li
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Chapter 11: KP-LULUCF 11.1 General
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Table 11.1.2 New Zealand’s emissi
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and Forestry, 2002). The two estate
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The Erosion Control Funding Program
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2009a). This led to a significant r
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Transitions to deforestation are ba
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Harvest of afforestation and refore
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is assumed that the carbon stock af
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gross:net accounting for afforestat
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Table 11.3.2 Recalculations to New
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period, whichever is later. In prac
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Figure 11.4.1 Verification of defor
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Recommends that, in case New Zealan
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Ministry of Agriculture and Forestr
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12.2 Summary of the standard electr
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Table 12.2.2 Copies of the 2014 fir
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Party NZ Submission Year 2015 Repor
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Page 400 and 401:
Table 6 a. Memo item: corrective tr
Page 402 and 403:
Page 404 and 405:
Table 3. Expiry, cancellation and r
Page 406 and 407:
Table 5 a. Summary information on a
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Page 410 and 411:
Table 12.2.4 Copies of the 2014 sec
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Page 414 and 415:
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Table 5 (c). Summary information on
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Table 6 a. Memo item: corrective tr
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Type of information to be made publ
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Type of information to be made publ
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12.5 Calculation of the commitment
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Chapter 13: Information on changes
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several earthquakes of 6.5-6.9 magn
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Section subheading measures 15/CMP.
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the issues related to the implement
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A further example is New Zealand’
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4.2 of the IPCC 2006 Guidelines (IP
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IPCC Tier 1 category level assessme
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IPCC Tier 1 category level assessme
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IPCC Tier 1 category trend assessme
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IPCC Tier 1 category trend assessme
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Annex 2: Uncertainty analysis (tabl
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Table A2.1.1 The uncertainty calcul
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Table A2.1.2 The uncertainty calcul
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Annex 3.1: Detailed methodological
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Livestock category Non-dairy (beef)
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Table A3.1.2.3 Emission factors for
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Table A3.2.1 Uncertainty analysis f
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A3.2.2 LUCAS Data Management System
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database storage, management, versi
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Versioning at a number of levels en
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Annex 3: References Some references
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Annex 4: Methodology and data colle
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Table A4.2 Consumption-weighted ave
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Table A4.4 Nitrous oxide emission f
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Table A4.6 Carbon content (per cent
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Diesel N 2 O emission factors (mg/k
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446 New Zealand’s Greenhouse Gas
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Figure A4.2 New Zealand oil energy
Page 482:
Annex 5: Additional material All su
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