ghg-inventory-1990-2013

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The key categories that were identified as having the largest relative influence on the trend including LULUCF from 1990 to 2013, compared with the average change in net emissions from 1990 to 2013 (table 1.5.3(a)), were: CO 2 emissions from forest land remaining forest land; a contribution of 16.1 per cent CH 4 emissions from sheep enteric fermentation; contributed 13.4 per cent to the net emissions trend through a decrease CO 2 emissions from harvested wood products; contributed 13.0 per cent to the net emissions trend through an increase. CH 4 emissions from dairy cattle enteric fermentation; contributed 8.0 per cent to the net emissions trend through an increase In the previous submission, CO 2 from Ammonia production was included as a key category based on a qualitative assessment. This assessment was based on the inclusion of CO 2 emitted when ammonia is processed into urea and used as fertiliser (see section 4.2.5 below). For this submission, fertiliser emissions are reported in the Agriculture sector, leaving a much smaller amount of CO 2 to be reported in the IPPU sector. Table 1.5.1 Summary of New Zealand’s key categories for the 2013 level assessment and the trend assessment for 1990 to 2013 (including and excluding LULUCF activities) Quantitative method used: IPPC Tier 1 IPCC categories Gas Criteria for identification Energy Energy Industries – Manufacture of Solid Fuels and Other Energy Industries – Gaseous Fuels Energy Industries – Petroleum Refining – Gaseous Fuels CO 2 trend CO 2 level, trend Energy Industries – Petroleum Refining – Liquid Fuels CO 2 level, trend Energy Industries – Public Electricity and Heat Production – Gaseous Fuels Energy Industries – Public Electricity and Heat Production – Solid Fuels Fugitive Emissions from Fuels – Oil and Natural Gas and Other Emissions from Energy Production – Other – Geothermal Fugitive Emissions from Fuels – Oil and Natural Gas and Other Emissions from Energy Production – Other – Geothermal Fugitive Emissions from Fuels – Coal Mining and Handling – Underground Mines CO 2 CO 2 CO 2 CH 4 CH 4 level, trend level, trend level, trend level, trend trend Fugitive Emissions from Fuels – Natural Gas – Distribution CH 4 level, trend Fugitive Emissions from Fuels – Natural Gas – Processing CO 2 level, trend Fugitive – Oil and Natural Gas and Other Emissions from Energy production – Flaring – Combined Fugitive Emissions from Fuels – Oil and Natural Gas and Other Emissions from Energy Production – Other – At Industrial Plants and Power Stations Manufacturing Industries and Construction – Chemicals – Gaseous Fuels Manufacturing Industries and Construction – Food Processing, Beverages and Tobacco – Gaseous Fuels Manufacturing Industries and Construction – Food Processing, Beverages and Tobacco – Liquid Fuels Manufacturing Industries and Construction – Food Processing, Beverages and Tobacco – Solid Fuels Manufacturing Industries and Construction – Other – Mining and Construction – Liquid Fuels CO 2 CH 4 CO 2 CO 2 CO 2 CO 2 CO 2 level level, trend level, trend level level level level, trend Manufacturing Industries and Construction – Other – Non– CO 2 level, trend 12 New Zealand’s Greenhouse Gas Inventory 1990–2013
Quantitative method used: IPPC Tier 1 IPCC categories Gas Criteria for identification metallic Minerals – Solid Fuels Manufacturing Industries and Construction – Other – Other non-specified – Liquid Fuels Manufacturing Industries and Construction – Other – Other non-specified – Solid Fuels Manufacturing Industries and Construction – Pulp, Paper and Print – Gaseous Fuels Other Sectors – Agriculture/Forestry/Fishing – Liquid Fuels CO 2 level Other Sectors – Agriculture/Forestry/Fishing – Solid fuels CO 2 trend CO 2 CO 2 CO 2 level trend level trend level trend Other Sectors – Commercial/Institutional – Gaseous Fuels CO 2 level, trend Other Sectors – Commercial/Institutional – Liquid Fuels CO 2 level, trend Other Sectors – Residential – Gaseous Fuels CO 2 trend Other Sectors – Residential – Solid Fuels CO 2 level, trend Other Sectors – Residential – Liquid Fuels CO 2 level Transport – Railways – Liquid Fuels CO 2 level Transport – Road Transport – Diesel Oil CO 2 level, trend Transport – Road Transport – Gasoline CO 2 level Transport – Road Transport – Liquefied Petroleum Gases CO 2 trend Agriculture Agricultural soils – direct N 2 O emissions – crop residues N 2 O level Agricultural Soils – Direct N 2 O Emissions – Inorganic N Fertilisers Agricultural soils – direct N 2 O Emissions – Organic N Fertilisers Agricultural Soils – Direct N 2 O Emissions – Urine and Dung Deposited by Grazing Animals Agricultural Soils – indirect N 2 O Emissions – Atmospheric Deposition Agricultural Soils – Indirect N 2 O Emissions – Nitrogen Leaching and Run-Off N 2 O N 2 O N 2 O N 2 O level, trend level level, trend Enteric Fermentation – Dairy Cattle CH 4 level, trend Enteric Fermentation – Non Dairy Cattle CH 4 level, trend N 2 O level level Enteric Fermentation – Other – Deer CH 4 level Enteric Fermentation – Other – Goats CH 4 trend Enteric Fermentation – Sheep CH 4 level, trend Liming CO 2 level, trend Manure Management – Cattle – Dairy Cattle CH 4 level, trend Manure management – Sheep CH 4 trend Urea Application CO 2 level, trend IPPU Chemical industry – Other – Hydrogen Production CO 2 level, trend Metal Industry – Aluminium Production CO 2 level Metal Industry – Aluminium Production PFCs trend Metal Industry – Iron and Steel Production CO 2 level, trend Mineral Industry – Cement Production CO 2 level Product Uses as Substitutes for ODS – Aerosols HFCs & PFCs trend Product Uses as Substitutes for ODS – Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Waste HFCs & PFCs level, trend Solid Waste Disposal CH 4 level, trend New Zealand’s Greenhouse Gas Inventory 1990–2013 13
Page 1 and 2: New Zealand’s Greenhouse Gas Inve
Page 3 and 4: Acknowledgements Key contributors M
Page 5 and 6: ewetting, are voluntary for the sec
Page 7 and 8: (table ES 3.1). This growth in emis
Page 9 and 10: Figure ES 4.3 Change in New Zealand
Page 11 and 12: Agriculture (chapter 5) 2013 New Ze
Page 13 and 14: Waste (chapter 7) The Waste sector
Page 15 and 16: in 1.AA.2.C Chemicals. Further deta
Page 17 and 18: Executive summary: References IPCC.
Page 19 and 20: Chapter 4: Industrial Processes and
Page 21 and 22: Chapter 14: Information on changes
Page 23 and 24: Table 5.1.1 Trends and relative con
Page 25 and 26: Table 6.5.1 New Zealand’s land-us
Page 27 and 28: Table 11.1.1 New Zealand’s emissi
Page 29 and 30: Figure 3.3.1 Reference and sectoral
Page 31: Figure 10.1.8 Effect of recalculati
Page 34 and 35: Convention were not enough to ensur
Page 36 and 37: i. New Zealand’s annual Inventory
Page 38 and 39: Quality control For this submission
Page 40 and 41: UNFCCC annual inventory review New
Page 42 and 43: Tier 1 methods apply IPCC default e
Page 46 and 47: Quantitative method used: IPPC Tier
Page 48 and 49: (b) IPCC Tier 1 category level asse
Page 50 and 51: (a) IPCC Tier 1 category trend asse
Page 52 and 53: (b) IPCC Tier 1 category trend asse
Page 54 and 55: cent from the trend uncertainty for
Page 56 and 57: Trading NZUs for international unit
Page 58 and 59: production of methanol has been spl
Page 60 and 61: Chapter 1: References Beets PN, Kim
Page 62 and 63: UNFCCC 2012a: FCCC/KP/CMP/2011/10/A
Page 64 and 65: population of non-dairy cattle, she
Page 66 and 67: Under the Climate Change Convention
Page 68 and 69: Table 2.2.1 New Zealand’s total (
Page 70 and 71: Figure 2.2.4 Change in New Zealand
Page 72 and 73: the forest management cap set at 3.
Page 74 and 75: Chapter 3: Energy 3.1 Sector overvi
Page 76 and 77: Table 3.1.1 Key sources of 1.A fuel
Page 78 and 79: improved significantly due to incre
Page 80 and 81: pricing information international
Page 82 and 83: the survey was conducted by Statist
Page 84 and 85: ‒ Eleven landfill facilities, tot
Page 86 and 87: includes further information on liq
Page 88 and 89: Figure 3.3.4 Energy sector quality
Page 90 and 91: Figure 3.3.7 Carbon dioxide implied
Page 92 and 93: ecause the share of electricity gen
Page 94 and 95:
Figure 3.3.9 Decision tree to ident
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Other - Other non-specified - Solid
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esult of this reallocation, and emi
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Figure 3.3.12 Splits used for manuf
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3.3.8 Fuel combustion: Transport (C
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Figure 3.3.13 Methane emissions fro
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‒ a is the slope of the line achi
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purpose-built natural gas (CNG) bus
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sufficient and robust enough to ens
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Residential - Liquid Fuels. Key cat
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Changes in emissions between 2012 a
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The main source of emissions from t
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emissions factor (UEF) in place of
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2000) has an emissions factor that
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Chapter 3: References Australian Bu
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Chapter 4: Industrial Processes and
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Figure 4.1.1 New Zealand’s annual
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For PFCs in Aluminium production, a
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In 2013, the Mineral industry categ
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4.2.3 Uncertainties and time-series
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Emissions of CO 2 from hydrogen pro
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use of coal as a reducing agent and
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Perfluorocarbon emissions (t CO 2 -
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factors for the Iron and steel prod
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Table 4.7.1 New Zealand’s halocar
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commercial equipment is pre-charged
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agency. The weighted average quanti
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IPCC, 2000, Tier 1 approach was use
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Food and drink Emissions of NMVOCs
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Chapter 5: Agricu ulture 5.1 Sector
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emissions from manure management co
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population and the reduction in non
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performed on a monthly basis. The e
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egional council boundaries changed.
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onwards for six livestock improveme
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The populations of goats, horses an
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Figure 5.1.6: Agriculture sectoral
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non-urea synthetic fertiliser using
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leaders to follow, including the de
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The model has been updated to inclu
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Table 5.2.1 Trends and relative con
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Table 5.2.3 New Zealand’s implied
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grass-legume pasture, the predomina
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5.2.6 Source-specific planned impro
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Table 5.3.2 Distribution of livesto
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obtained from all New Zealand studi
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Nitrogen excretion rates for the mi
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Indirect nitrous oxide from manure
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the Enteric fermentation section, t
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(evaporation or sublimation) and su
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ivers, lakes and estuaries (Clough
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EF 1(UREA) = proportion of direct N
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MS T is the proportion of manure ex
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44 28 44 28 ∙ Where: AG
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with a peaty layer are included in
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Frac LEACH-H is the fraction of N a
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Nitrification inhibitor dicyandiami
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EF 3(PR&P) has the most influence o
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However, the authors concluded that
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5.7.2 Methodological issues The emi
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Page 216 and 217:
Page 218 and 219:
Chapter 5: References Some referenc
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Kelliher FM, Cox N, van der Weerden
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Thomas S, Wallace D, Beare M. 2014.
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2012-2013 Between 2012 and 2013, ne
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New Zealand’s exotic forest plant
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Table 6.1.4 New Zealand’s emissio
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Calculation of national emission es
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Further details on the emission fac
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land-use areas as at 1 January 1990
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Land-use subcategory Low producing
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The potential woody change layers w
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Figure 6.2.3 Land-use map of New Ze
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Figure 6.2.4 Identification of post
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no change: The area has not been de
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Figure 6.2.6 Land-use map of New Ze
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Prominent land-use changes between
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Table 6.2.6 New Zealand’s land-us
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6.2.4 Methodological change The 201
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had been detected at the 95 per cen
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In equation (4), , is the mean so
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767 samples and the smallest (Other
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significantly different from the re
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layer of the Land Environments New
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(Baisden et al, 2006a, 2006b). This
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Table 6.4.3 New Zealand’s net car
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Figure 6.4.2 New Zealand’s net ca
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Soil carbon changes associated with
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Figure 6.4.4 Location of New Zealan
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egenerating forest was driven prima
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The stand tending model: New Zealan
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Non-CO 2 emissions for pre-1990 pla
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(Stephens et al, 2012). In practice
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period is 2.2 tonnes C ha -1 yr -1
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Table 6.4.8 Uncertainty in New Zeal
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measured (Beets et al, 2011a, 2012a
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Mapping of forest areas will be ite
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section 6.2. Emissions and removals
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conversion (GPG-AFOLU, table 5.9, I
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6.5.6 Category-specific planned imp
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more information on deforestation,
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matter prior to conversion is lost)
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The majority of New Zealand’s hyd
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Soil carbon Soil carbon stocks in L
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Table 6.8.2 New Zealand’s carbon
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An analysis of change in area shows
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new activity data from the improved
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6.10.3 Uncertainties and time-serie
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Uncertainties and time-series consi
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with the clearing of vegetation pri
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Chapter 6: References Ausseil A, Ja
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Contract report prepared for the Mi
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www.mfe.govt.nz/publications/climat
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Wakelin SJ, Beets PN. 2013. Emissio
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Table 7.1.1 New Zealand’s greenho
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municipal solid waste activity data
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Table 7.2.1 Landfill emissions in C
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Methane correction factor and oxida
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which have been filled by correlati
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Page 336 and 337:
7.4.4 Source-specific QA/QC and ver
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production, and consequently the ne
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Summary of parameters used Table 7.
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Table 7.5.5 Parameter values applie
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Table 7.5.7 Parameter values applie
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Chapter 7: References Beca Infrastr
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Chapter 9: Indirect carbon dioxide
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Figure 10.1.1 Effect of recalculati
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Figure 10.1.4 Effect of change to o
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10.1.3 Agriculture Improvements mad
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10.1.4 Land use, land-use change an
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Table 10.1.5 Explanations and justi
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Table 10.1.8 Recalculations to New
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Sector CH 4 Energy - Navigation: li
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Chapter 11: KP-LULUCF 11.1 General
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Table 11.1.2 New Zealand’s emissi
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and Forestry, 2002). The two estate
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The Erosion Control Funding Program
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2009a). This led to a significant r
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Transitions to deforestation are ba
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Harvest of afforestation and refore
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is assumed that the carbon stock af
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gross:net accounting for afforestat
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Table 11.3.2 Recalculations to New
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period, whichever is later. In prac
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Figure 11.4.1 Verification of defor
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Recommends that, in case New Zealan
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Ministry of Agriculture and Forestr
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12.2 Summary of the standard electr
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Table 12.2.2 Copies of the 2014 fir
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Party NZ Submission Year 2015 Repor
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Page 400 and 401:
Table 6 a. Memo item: corrective tr
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Page 404 and 405:
Table 3. Expiry, cancellation and r
Page 406 and 407:
Table 5 a. Summary information on a
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Table 12.2.4 Copies of the 2014 sec
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Page 414 and 415:
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Table 5 (c). Summary information on
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Table 6 a. Memo item: corrective tr
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Type of information to be made publ
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Type of information to be made publ
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12.5 Calculation of the commitment
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Chapter 13: Information on changes
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several earthquakes of 6.5-6.9 magn
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Section subheading measures 15/CMP.
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the issues related to the implement
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A further example is New Zealand’
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4.2 of the IPCC 2006 Guidelines (IP
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IPCC Tier 1 category level assessme
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IPCC Tier 1 category level assessme
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IPCC Tier 1 category trend assessme
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IPCC Tier 1 category trend assessme
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Annex 2: Uncertainty analysis (tabl
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Table A2.1.1 The uncertainty calcul
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Table A2.1.2 The uncertainty calcul
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Annex 3.1: Detailed methodological
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Livestock category Non-dairy (beef)
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Table A3.1.2.3 Emission factors for
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Table A3.2.1 Uncertainty analysis f
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A3.2.2 LUCAS Data Management System
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database storage, management, versi
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Versioning at a number of levels en
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Annex 3: References Some references
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Annex 4: Methodology and data colle
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Table A4.2 Consumption-weighted ave
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Table A4.4 Nitrous oxide emission f
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Table A4.6 Carbon content (per cent
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Diesel N 2 O emission factors (mg/k
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446 New Zealand’s Greenhouse Gas
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Figure A4.2 New Zealand oil energy
Page 482:
Annex 5: Additional material All su
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