ghg-inventory-1990-2013

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Table A3.1.2.3 Emission factors for New Zealand’s agriculture nitrous oxide emissions Emission factor Emissions Source EF 1 (kg N 2 O-N/kg N) EF 1-UREA (kg N 2 O-N/kg N) EF 2 (kg N 2 O-N/ha-yr) EF 3SSD (kg N 2 O-N/kg N excreted) EF 3PRP (kg N 2 O-N/kg N excreted) EF 3(PRP DUNG) (kg N 2 O-N/kg N excreted) EF 3OTHER (kg N 2 O-N/kg N excreted) EF 3POULTRY (kg N 2 O-N/kg N excreted) EF 4 (kg N 2 O-N/kg NH x -N) EF 5 (kg N 2 O-N/kg N leached and run-off) Direct emissions from nitrogen input to soil Direct emissions from nitrogen input to soil from urea fertiliser Direct emissions from organic soil mineralisation due to cultivation Direct emissions from waste in the solid waste and drylot animal waste management systems Direct emissions from urine in the pasture, range and paddock animal waste management systems for cattle, sheep and deer, and direct emissions from manure waste in the pasture, range and paddock animal waste management systems for all other species Direct emissions from dung in the pasture, range and paddock animal waste management systems for cattle, sheep and deer Direct emissions from waste in other animal waste management systems Direct emissions from waste in other animal waste management systems – poultry specific Kelliher and de Klein (2006) Kelliher et al. 2014 IPCC (2006), table 11.1 IPCC (2000), table 4.12 Carran et al (1995); Muller et al (1995); de Klein et al (2003) Parameter value 0.0100 0.0048 8.0000 0.0200 0.0100 Luo et al (2009) 0.0025 IPCC (2000), table 4.13 Indirect emissions from volatising nitrogen IPCC (2006), table 11.3 Indirect emissions from leaching nitrogen IPCC (2006), table 11.3 0.0050 Fick et al (2011) 0.0010 0.0100 0.0075 Table A3.1.2.4 Parameter values for New Zealand’s agriculture nitrous oxide emissions Parameter (fraction) Fraction of the parameter Source FracGASF (kg NH3-N + NOx-N/kg of synthetic fertiliser N applied) FracGASM (kg NH3-N + NOx-N/kg of N excreted by livestock) FracLEACH(-H) (kg N/kg fertiliser or manure N) FracBURN (kg N/kg crop-N) FracBURNL (kg N/kg legume-N) FracRENEW FracREMOVE FracFUEL (N/kg N excreted) Total synthetic fertiliser emitted as NOx or NH3 Total nitrogen emitted as NOx or NH3 Nitrogen input to soils that is lost through leaching and run-off IPCC (2006) verified by Sherlock et al (2008) Parameter value 0.1 Sherlock et al (2008) 0.1 Thomas et al (2003, 2005) Crop residue burned in fields Thomas et al. (2008, table 14) Legume crop residue burned in fields Fraction of land undergoing pasture renewal Fraction of N in above-ground residues removed for bedding, feed or construction Livestock nitrogen excretion in excrements burned for fuel Thomas et al. (2008) Practice does not occur in New Zealand Thomas et al. (2014) Thomas et al. (2014) Practice does not occur in New Zealand Practice does not occur in New Zealand 0.07 Crop specific survey data 0 Year-specific 0 0 424 New Zealand’s Greenhouse Gas Inventory 1990–2013
Table A3.1.2.5 Parameter values for New Zealand’s cropping emissions (Thomas et al, 2011) Crop HI dmf AG N Root Shoot ratio R BG Wheat 0.41 0.86 0.005 0.1 0.009 Barley 0.46 0.86 0.005 0.1 0.009 Oats 0.3 0.86 0.005 0.1 0.009 Maize grain 0.5 0.86 0.007 0.1 0.007 Field seed peas 0.5 0.21 0.02 0.1 0.015 Lentils 0.5 0.86 0.02 0.1 0.015 Peas fresh and process 0.45 0.86 0.03 0.1 0.015 Potatoes 0.9 0.22 0.02 0.1 0.01 Onions 0.8 0.11 0.02 0.1 0.01 Sweet corn 0.55 0.24 0.009 0.1 0.007 Squash 0.8 0.2 0.02 0.1 0.01 Herbage seeds 0.11 0.85 0.015 0.1 0.01 Legume seeds 0.09 0.85 0.04 0.1 0.01 Brassica seeds 0.2 0.85 0.01 0.1 0.008 Source: Thomas et al (2011) BG N A3.2 Supplementary information for the LULUCF sector A3.2.1 Uncertainty analysis for the LULUCF sector This section contains the disaggregated uncertainty analysis for the LULUCF sector. This additional information has been provided as a result of the review of New Zealand’s 2010 inventory (2012 submission). One of the recommendations of that review was that New Zealand provides “a detailed disaggregated assessment of uncertainty, as well as the aggregated uncertainty associated with the LULUCF sector, consistent with the IPCC good practice guidance for LULUCF”. This information is now provided in table A3.2.1. New Zealand’s Greenhouse Gas Inventory 1990–2013 425
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New Zealand’s Greenhouse Gas Inve
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Acknowledgements Key contributors M
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ewetting, are voluntary for the sec
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(table ES 3.1). This growth in emis
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Figure ES 4.3 Change in New Zealand
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Agriculture (chapter 5) 2013 New Ze
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Waste (chapter 7) The Waste sector
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in 1.AA.2.C Chemicals. Further deta
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Executive summary: References IPCC.
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Chapter 4: Industrial Processes and
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Chapter 14: Information on changes
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Table 5.1.1 Trends and relative con
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Table 6.5.1 New Zealand’s land-us
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Table 11.1.1 New Zealand’s emissi
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Figure 3.3.1 Reference and sectoral
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Figure 10.1.8 Effect of recalculati
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Convention were not enough to ensur
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i. New Zealand’s annual Inventory
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Quality control For this submission
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UNFCCC annual inventory review New
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Tier 1 methods apply IPCC default e
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The key categories that were identi
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Quantitative method used: IPPC Tier
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(b) IPCC Tier 1 category level asse
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(a) IPCC Tier 1 category trend asse
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(b) IPCC Tier 1 category trend asse
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cent from the trend uncertainty for
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Trading NZUs for international unit
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production of methanol has been spl
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Chapter 1: References Beets PN, Kim
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UNFCCC 2012a: FCCC/KP/CMP/2011/10/A
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population of non-dairy cattle, she
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Under the Climate Change Convention
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Table 2.2.1 New Zealand’s total (
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Figure 2.2.4 Change in New Zealand
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the forest management cap set at 3.
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Chapter 3: Energy 3.1 Sector overvi
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Table 3.1.1 Key sources of 1.A fuel
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improved significantly due to incre
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pricing information international
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the survey was conducted by Statist
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‒ Eleven landfill facilities, tot
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includes further information on liq
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Figure 3.3.4 Energy sector quality
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Figure 3.3.7 Carbon dioxide implied
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ecause the share of electricity gen
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Figure 3.3.9 Decision tree to ident
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Other - Other non-specified - Solid
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esult of this reallocation, and emi
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Figure 3.3.12 Splits used for manuf
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3.3.8 Fuel combustion: Transport (C
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Figure 3.3.13 Methane emissions fro
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‒ a is the slope of the line achi
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purpose-built natural gas (CNG) bus
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sufficient and robust enough to ens
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Residential - Liquid Fuels. Key cat
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Changes in emissions between 2012 a
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The main source of emissions from t
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emissions factor (UEF) in place of
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2000) has an emissions factor that
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Chapter 3: References Australian Bu
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Chapter 4: Industrial Processes and
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Figure 4.1.1 New Zealand’s annual
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For PFCs in Aluminium production, a
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In 2013, the Mineral industry categ
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4.2.3 Uncertainties and time-series
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Emissions of CO 2 from hydrogen pro
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use of coal as a reducing agent and
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Perfluorocarbon emissions (t CO 2 -
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factors for the Iron and steel prod
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Table 4.7.1 New Zealand’s halocar
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commercial equipment is pre-charged
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agency. The weighted average quanti
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IPCC, 2000, Tier 1 approach was use
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Food and drink Emissions of NMVOCs
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Chapter 5: Agricu ulture 5.1 Sector
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emissions from manure management co
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population and the reduction in non
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performed on a monthly basis. The e
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egional council boundaries changed.
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onwards for six livestock improveme
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The populations of goats, horses an
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Figure 5.1.6: Agriculture sectoral
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non-urea synthetic fertiliser using
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leaders to follow, including the de
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The model has been updated to inclu
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Table 5.2.1 Trends and relative con
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Table 5.2.3 New Zealand’s implied
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grass-legume pasture, the predomina
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5.2.6 Source-specific planned impro
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Table 5.3.2 Distribution of livesto
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obtained from all New Zealand studi
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Nitrogen excretion rates for the mi
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Indirect nitrous oxide from manure
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the Enteric fermentation section, t
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(evaporation or sublimation) and su
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ivers, lakes and estuaries (Clough
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EF 1(UREA) = proportion of direct N
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MS T is the proportion of manure ex
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44 28 44 28 ∙ Where: AG
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with a peaty layer are included in
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Frac LEACH-H is the fraction of N a
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Nitrification inhibitor dicyandiami
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EF 3(PR&P) has the most influence o
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However, the authors concluded that
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5.7.2 Methodological issues The emi
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Chapter 5: References Some referenc
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Kelliher FM, Cox N, van der Weerden
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Thomas S, Wallace D, Beare M. 2014.
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2012-2013 Between 2012 and 2013, ne
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New Zealand’s exotic forest plant
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Table 6.1.4 New Zealand’s emissio
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Calculation of national emission es
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Further details on the emission fac
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land-use areas as at 1 January 1990
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Land-use subcategory Low producing
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The potential woody change layers w
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Figure 6.2.3 Land-use map of New Ze
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Figure 6.2.4 Identification of post
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no change: The area has not been de
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Figure 6.2.6 Land-use map of New Ze
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Prominent land-use changes between
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Table 6.2.6 New Zealand’s land-us
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6.2.4 Methodological change The 201
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had been detected at the 95 per cen
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In equation (4), , is the mean so
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767 samples and the smallest (Other
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significantly different from the re
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layer of the Land Environments New
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(Baisden et al, 2006a, 2006b). This
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Table 6.4.3 New Zealand’s net car
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Figure 6.4.2 New Zealand’s net ca
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Soil carbon changes associated with
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Figure 6.4.4 Location of New Zealan
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egenerating forest was driven prima
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The stand tending model: New Zealan
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Non-CO 2 emissions for pre-1990 pla
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(Stephens et al, 2012). In practice
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period is 2.2 tonnes C ha -1 yr -1
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Table 6.4.8 Uncertainty in New Zeal
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measured (Beets et al, 2011a, 2012a
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Mapping of forest areas will be ite
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section 6.2. Emissions and removals
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conversion (GPG-AFOLU, table 5.9, I
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6.5.6 Category-specific planned imp
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more information on deforestation,
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matter prior to conversion is lost)
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The majority of New Zealand’s hyd
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Soil carbon Soil carbon stocks in L
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Table 6.8.2 New Zealand’s carbon
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An analysis of change in area shows
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new activity data from the improved
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6.10.3 Uncertainties and time-serie
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Uncertainties and time-series consi
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with the clearing of vegetation pri
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Chapter 6: References Ausseil A, Ja
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Contract report prepared for the Mi
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www.mfe.govt.nz/publications/climat
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Wakelin SJ, Beets PN. 2013. Emissio
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Table 7.1.1 New Zealand’s greenho
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municipal solid waste activity data
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Table 7.2.1 Landfill emissions in C
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Methane correction factor and oxida
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which have been filled by correlati
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7.4.4 Source-specific QA/QC and ver
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production, and consequently the ne
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Summary of parameters used Table 7.
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Table 7.5.5 Parameter values applie
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Table 7.5.7 Parameter values applie
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Chapter 7: References Beca Infrastr
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Chapter 9: Indirect carbon dioxide
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Figure 10.1.1 Effect of recalculati
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Figure 10.1.4 Effect of change to o
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10.1.3 Agriculture Improvements mad
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10.1.4 Land use, land-use change an
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Table 10.1.5 Explanations and justi
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Table 10.1.8 Recalculations to New
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Sector CH 4 Energy - Navigation: li
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Chapter 11: KP-LULUCF 11.1 General
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Table 11.1.2 New Zealand’s emissi
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and Forestry, 2002). The two estate
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The Erosion Control Funding Program
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2009a). This led to a significant r
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Transitions to deforestation are ba
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Harvest of afforestation and refore
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is assumed that the carbon stock af
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gross:net accounting for afforestat
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Table 11.3.2 Recalculations to New
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period, whichever is later. In prac
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Figure 11.4.1 Verification of defor
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Recommends that, in case New Zealan
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Ministry of Agriculture and Forestr
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12.2 Summary of the standard electr
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Table 12.2.2 Copies of the 2014 fir
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Party NZ Submission Year 2015 Repor
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Table 6 a. Memo item: corrective tr
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Table 3. Expiry, cancellation and r
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Page 424 and 425: 12.5 Calculation of the commitment
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Page 432 and 433: the issues related to the implement
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Page 440 and 441: IPCC Tier 1 category level assessme
Page 442 and 443: IPCC Tier 1 category trend assessme
Page 444 and 445: IPCC Tier 1 category trend assessme
Page 446 and 447: Annex 2: Uncertainty analysis (tabl
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Page 452 and 453: Annex 3.1: Detailed methodological
Page 454 and 455: Livestock category Non-dairy (beef)
Page 458 and 459: Table A3.2.1 Uncertainty analysis f
Page 460 and 461: A3.2.2 LUCAS Data Management System
Page 462 and 463: database storage, management, versi
Page 464 and 465: Versioning at a number of levels en
Page 466 and 467: Annex 3: References Some references
Page 468 and 469: Annex 4: Methodology and data colle
Page 470 and 471: Table A4.2 Consumption-weighted ave
Page 472 and 473: Table A4.4 Nitrous oxide emission f
Page 474 and 475: Table A4.6 Carbon content (per cent
Page 476 and 477: Diesel N 2 O emission factors (mg/k
Page 478 and 479: 446 New Zealand’s Greenhouse Gas
Page 480 and 481: Figure A4.2 New Zealand oil energy
Page 482: Annex 5: Additional material All su
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