ISSUE 182 : Jul/Aug - 2010 - Australian Defence Force Journal

Defense Command established in 1954, North American Air Defense Command established in 1957,Aerospace Defense Command established in 1975 and Space Command established in 1985. JointForces Command was established in 1999 but can trace its lineage to Atlantic Command establishedin 1947, which absorbed North East Command established in 1956. The open source web sites foreach of these functional combatant commands is available at: 17. Of note, AFRICOM has an ‘area of activity’ rather than an ‘area of responsibility’, reflecting a morecooperative approach.18. President of the United States, ‘Unified Command Plan 2006’, White House, Washington DC.19. Note that the Service Chiefs of Staff and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff are not in theoperational chain of command between combatant commanders and SECDEF.20. Most of the GCCs have placed versions or elements of their regional strategies into the publicdomain on their websites. Central Command’s theatre strategy is available at , Pacific Command’s regional strategy titled a ‘strategic concept’ isavailable at , European Command’s regional strategyis available at and Southern Command’s theatre strategy is available at 21. Some pundits have described military engagement as ‘showing off your sticks and feeding themcarrots’.22. Security cooperation is formally defined (by the US) as ‘all DoD interactions with foreign defenseestablishments to build defense relationships that promote specific US security interests, developallied and friendly military capabilities for self-defense and multinational operations, and provideUS forces with peacetime and contingency access to a host nation’. Department of Defense, ‘JointPublication 1-02 Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms’, accessed at 14 February 2005.23. European Command supports the Marshall Centre and Pacific Command supports the Asia-PacificCenter of Security Studies.24. Department of Defense, ‘Joint Publication 1-02 Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms’,accessed at 10 March 2010.25. Security assistance programs administered by the US DoD include Foreign Military Sales and ForeignMilitary Construction Services (approx US$10-12 billion annually); Foreign Military FinancingProgram (approx US$4-5 billion annually with most going to Israel and Egypt); Leased DefenseArticles; Excess Defense Articles; International Military Education and Training (approx US$90million annually); and Directed Drawdown. Other programs administered by the State Departmentinclude Economic Support Funds (approx $US2 billion annually); Peace Keeping Operations (approxUS$90 million annually); International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement; Non-proliferation,Anti-terrorism, Demining and Related Programs (approx US$350 million annually); and CommercialExport Sales Licensed under the Arms Export Control Act. Defense Security Cooperation Agency(DSCA), ‘Security Assistance Management Manual’, Department of Defense 5105.38-M, 3 October2003 available at accessed 14 February 2005.26. The State Department’s delineation of regions is available at accessed 10 March 2010. These geographic regions are also the basis on which the regional policycoordination committees of the National Security Council are organised.79