GOLD Report I - UCLG

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125fragile, in part due to complicated economicconditions in several countries and frequentpolitical changes.All Eurasian countries are strongly influencedin matters of local self-governmentand general democratic principles by thestandards of the Council of Europe, especiallythose that are members of the Commonwealthof Independent States and theEurasian Economic Community. Such sharedinfluences permit the prediction of a highdegree of accord in future legal regulationof local self-government.
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Decentralizationand local democracy
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UCLG wishes to acknowledge the Supp
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© 2008 United Cities and Local Gov
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FOREWORD8 United Cities and Local G
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PREFACE10 United Cities and Local G
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EDITORIAL PROJECT12 United Cities a
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS14 United Cities and
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS16 United Cities and
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INTRODUCTION18 United Cities and Lo
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INTRODUCTION20 United Cities and Lo
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AFRI C AMUSTAPHA BEN LETAIEFCHARLES
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23I. IntroductionAfrica encompasses
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25CCountry Political Type of state
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27and local governments are defined
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29torical context from which they e
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31aid. In some cases, central gover
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33suffrage. Metropolitan councillor
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35Table 3 Responsibilities of local
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37taxation. VAT has been establishe
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39disbursements to local government
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41Table 4 Human resource situationC
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43Table 5 Portrait of local democra
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45view and approve executive bodies
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47V. ConclusionThis overall picture
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ASIA-PACIFIC50 United Cities and Lo
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ASIA-PACIFIC52United Cities and Loc
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Page 77 and 78: ASIA-PACIFIC74United Cities and Loc
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Page 96 and 97: EURASIAT. Y. K HABRIE VA(C HIEF RES
Page 98 and 99: 95I. IntroductionThis chapter analy
Page 100 and 101: 97Table 1General Information and Te
Page 102 and 103: 99The constitutions of several stat
Page 104 and 105: 101vote. Rather, control of local m
Page 106 and 107: 103Capitals and Metropolitan AreasT
Page 108 and 109: 105losing their local, own sources
Page 110 and 111: 107Table 3Local Finance Indicators
Page 112 and 113: 109Education. In the majority of st
Page 114 and 115: 111Table 4Functions of Local Govern
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Page 120 and 121: 117State Formation of local Local e
Page 122 and 123: 119On the whole, local elections in
Page 124 and 125: 121neighborhood, part of a resident
Page 126 and 127: 123corporate) persons may be resolv
Page 130 and 131: EUROPEGÉRARD MAR COUHELLMUT WOLLMA
Page 132 and 133: 129I. IntroductionThe Europe under
Page 134 and 135: 131between the design of the execut
Page 136 and 137: 133Table 1Levels of local governmen
Page 138 and 139: 135and democratic dimension of the
Page 140 and 141: 137torial penetration,” the polit
Page 142 and 143: 139are designated as “personaliza
Page 144 and 145: 141same year, public sector investm
Page 146 and 147: 143growth in Austria and Germany 13
Page 148 and 149: 145ferent weighting given to their
Page 150 and 151: 147government’s behalf. This wide
Page 152 and 153: 149dic countries it is the responsi
Page 154 and 155: 151Table 2Typology of European coun
Page 156 and 157: 153zing and monitoring tasks. The i
Page 158 and 159: 155executive branch from the assemb
Page 160 and 161: 157has sometimes usefully turned to
Page 162 and 163: 159under many different conditions
Page 164 and 165: 161be made among four categories of
Page 166 and 167: 163V. ConclusionThis panoramic pres
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Page 171 and 172: LATIN AMERICA166 United Cities and
Page 173 and 174: LATIN AMERICA168 United Cities and
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LATIN AMERICA174United Cities and L
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MIDDLE E AST / WESTERN A SIAMUSTAPH
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203I. IntroductionThe geographical
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205Table 1Administrative organizati
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207The need for economic restructur
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209head of the executive committee
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211far from negligible in those sta
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213lopment of metropolises has take
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215Until recently, 90% of local inv
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217palities’ areas of responsibil
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219planning is dependent on an outs
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221one year, is steadily increasing
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223Syria, where the municipal counc
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225me the reluctance of party manag
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227V. ConclusionWhat emerges from t
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229Annex 2 Local democracyMunicipal
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NORTH AMERICA232 United Cities and
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NORTH AMERICA234United Cities and L
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NORTH AMERICA240 United Cities and
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METROPOLITAN GOVERNANCEJEFFERE Y SE
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255I. IntroductionWorldwide, metrop
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257Even beyond the boundaries of me
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259work of built-up urban areas - h
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261former colonies, structures of c
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263ferent ethnicity or race, the in
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265may be found in a flexible solut
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267Table 1Dimensions of governance
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269number. Advisory councils with t
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271regions increasingly poses what
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273degree of socio-economic and pol
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275zed and fragmented here. Primary
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277tal relations between cities and
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279Annex 1Examples of Metropolitan
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281CONCLUSIONDecentralization and D
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283evolution of decentralization. T
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285• In Eurasia, particularly in
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287A companion principle in the int
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289Box 2Subsidiarity - an issue at
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291ciency). Allocation efficiency i
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293nonexistent, with very low level
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295stepping stone to higher politic
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297Table 2:Local Government Personn
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299drawn from side-by-side comparis
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301of Africa, a Pan-African local g
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303agenda not only to articulate th
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305POSTFACEEssay on the clarificati
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307This approach is not really all
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309from election, just as decentral
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311envisages their “subordination
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313without being based on democrati
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BIBLIOGRAPHY316 United Cities and L
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BIBLIOGRAPHY318United Cities and Lo
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Decentralization and local democrac
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GOLD Report I - UCLG

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