GOLD Report I - UCLG

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7CONTENTSForeword 8Preface 10Editorial project 12Acknowledgments 14Introduction 18Africa 22Asia-Pacific 50Eurasia 94Europe 128Latin America 166Middle East and Western Asia 202North America 232Metropolitan Governance 254Conclusion 282Postface 306Bibliography 316
FOREWORD8 United Cities and Local Governments
Page 1: Decentralizationand local democracy
Page 5 and 6: UCLG wishes to acknowledge the Supp
Page 7: © 2008 United Cities and Local Gov
Page 11 and 12: PREFACE10 United Cities and Local G
Page 13 and 14: EDITORIAL PROJECT12 United Cities a
Page 15 and 16: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS14 United Cities and
Page 17 and 18: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS16 United Cities and
Page 19 and 20: INTRODUCTION18 United Cities and Lo
Page 21 and 22: INTRODUCTION20 United Cities and Lo
Page 24 and 25: AFRI C AMUSTAPHA BEN LETAIEFCHARLES
Page 26 and 27: 23I. IntroductionAfrica encompasses
Page 28 and 29: 25CCountry Political Type of state
Page 30 and 31: 27and local governments are defined
Page 32 and 33: 29torical context from which they e
Page 34 and 35: 31aid. In some cases, central gover
Page 36 and 37: 33suffrage. Metropolitan councillor
Page 38 and 39: 35Table 3 Responsibilities of local
Page 40 and 41: 37taxation. VAT has been establishe
Page 42 and 43: 39disbursements to local government
Page 44 and 45: 41Table 4 Human resource situationC
Page 46 and 47: 43Table 5 Portrait of local democra
Page 48 and 49: 45view and approve executive bodies
Page 50: 47V. ConclusionThis overall picture
Page 53 and 54: ASIA-PACIFIC50 United Cities and Lo
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ASIA-PACIFIC56United Cities and Loc
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ASIA-PACIFIC60 United Cities and Lo
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EURASIAT. Y. K HABRIE VA(C HIEF RES
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95I. IntroductionThis chapter analy
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97Table 1General Information and Te
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99The constitutions of several stat
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101vote. Rather, control of local m
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103Capitals and Metropolitan AreasT
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105losing their local, own sources
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107Table 3Local Finance Indicators
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109Education. In the majority of st
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111Table 4Functions of Local Govern
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113execution of their duties munici
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115State Formation of local Local e
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117State Formation of local Local e
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119On the whole, local elections in
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121neighborhood, part of a resident
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123corporate) persons may be resolv
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125fragile, in part due to complica
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EUROPE128 United Cities and Local G
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EUROPE130United Cities and Local Go
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EUROPE134 United Cities and Local G
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L ATIN AMERICAMARI O ROS ALESSALVAD
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167I. IntroductionLatin America is
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169Nevertheless, the depth of the r
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171America (see graph 1). The feder
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173initially appointed by the natio
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175nicipal (Municipal Budget Regime
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177and generate significant demogra
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179Table 3Evolution and Distributio
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181where it is the responsibility o
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183BoxTransfer Systems in Latin Ame
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185tection was organized for the un
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187Table 4 Municipal responsibiliti
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189percentage of houses connected t
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191partments or regions held electi
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193cipation funds. The oversight co
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195Table 6Associations of Municipal
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197about renewal of leadership and
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199Despite advancesin decentralizat
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MIDDLE EAST / WESTERN ASIA202 Unite
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MIDDLE EAST / WESTERN ASIA204United
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NORTH AMERICA(CANADA AND THE UNITED
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233I. IntroductionThis chapter comp
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235Table 1Governmental and Country
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237Decentralization has attracted t
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239preparedness and security. Even
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241years, however, local government
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243reflect the consequences of syst
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245years. In the U.S. there are oft
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247tion of Canadian Municipalities
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249One of the most important roles
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251V. ConclusionIn both Canada and
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METROPOLITAN GOVERNANCE254 United C
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METROPOLITAN GOVERNANCE256United Ci
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METROPOLITAN GOVERNANCE278 United C
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CONCLUSION280 United Cities and Loc
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POSTFACE304 United Cities and Local
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
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317AfricaBanque Mondiale, 2003, Ré
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319International Monetary Fund, 200
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321EurasiaAdministrativnaya reforma
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323Regulirovanie voprosov organizac
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325Guérin-Lavignotte, E., Kerrouch
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327--- Descentralización, transfer
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329Middle East and West AsiaUnited
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331North AmericaSaudi Ministry of R
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333Laubach, T., 2005, Fiscal Relati
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335Metropolitan GovernanceU.S. Bure
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337Kübler, D., 2005, Problems and
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339ConclusionAalborg C., 1994, Char
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341Rothblatt, D. N. and Sancton A.
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GOLD Report I - UCLG

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