PACIFIC WORLD - The Institute of Buddhist Studies

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188Pacific Worldtexts are introduced through Tokharian loan words. Other scholars suggestthat it was Sogdian Buddhism because some Sanskrit terms in theUigur texts are borrowed from Sogdian loan words, and because theSogdians maintained colonies in Turfan and had close contacts withUigurs. Yet others think it was Chinese Buddhism, because, as we saw withthe word burxan (Buddha), the fundamental Buddhist terminology inUigur texts is based on Chinese. My own view is that these terms enteredthe Uigur Buddhist texts from equidistant points. Since at that time peoplelived in multi-lingual and multi-ethnic communities around Turfan andKucha, I think that it is not necessary to identify a single source of initialBuddhist influence upon the Uigur people.The Uigur people, living in multi-ethnic and multi-lingual CentralAsia, produced Uigur translations of the Buddhist texts available to them.For many years we have been deciphering the text fragments collected byexpeditions to the area. Here I provide you a chart titled “Outlook of theTranslation Relationship of the Buddhist Texts in Central Asia” (cf. PlateA), which I created so that you can see the inter-relationships between thetranslated Buddhist texts at a glance. The arrows (→) signify the directiontoward which the translation was made. The accuracy of the directions ofthe arrows are certain because they are based on descriptions in thecolophon attached at the end of each Buddhist text. Question marks (?)mean that, although these texts do not have descriptions in their colophons,historical circumstances and characteristics in the translations suggest thisdirection. An asterisk (*) indicates that the name of the languages is notnecessarily accepted by all scholars. The original chart was made in1994 for students in my seminar. It was updated in 2000 by adding theBactrian entry.I will give a general overview of the Uigur translations of Buddhisttexts. Among the early translations, the Buddhist texts translated fromTokharian and Sogdian, generally speaking, include many avadåna andjåtaka tales, which derive from the Sarvåstivåda school of Nikåya Buddhism.These translations are only found in the early period of UigurBuddhism. Among the Buddhist texts translated from Tokharian, thereis a script for a play about Maitreya-worship. It is very interesting toimagine that religious dramas may have been performed in the gardensof Buddhist temples.Translations from Chinese texts had a strong influence on UigurBuddhism from its early period until its end. A wide variety of ChineseBuddhist texts were translated, including major Buddhist sutras of both theMahåyåna and Nikåya, as well as commentaries, and some apocryphal texts.Translations from Sanskrit texts are, in many cases, bilingual textswritten both in Sanskrit and Uigur. The texts cite the Sanskrit word by wordor phrase by phrase, followed by Uigur translations. Most of the texts usethe Indian Bråhm∆ script to transcribe both the Sanskrit and Uigur. Run-
Kudara: The Buddhist Culture of the Old Uigur People 189Plate A: Outlook of the Translation Relationship of the Buddhist Texts in Central Asia0CE -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15?BactrianThe PeriodofOral Transmission*TumshukeseKhotaneseClassical Indian Languages (Prakrit, BH Sanskrit)The Compilation of the Buddhist TextsBuddha's PreachingThe Literalization of the TextsTibetanXixiaClassical ChineseSogdian?Tokharian A/BUigurianMongolian
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Buddhism and Cognitive Science:Cont
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Payne: Buddhism and Cognitive Scien
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6Pacific Worldconnectionist-dynamic
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8Pacific Worldconceptual constraint
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10Pacific WorldNOTES1. B. Alan Wall
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12Pacific World16. See particulary,
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A Science of Consciousness:Buddhism
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Wallace: Science of Consciousness 1
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34Pacific Worldtion experiences exp
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36Pacific Worldto all the world rel
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38Pacific WorldThe development or d
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40Pacific WorldOur present science
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42Pacific Worldmon to hold that cau
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44Pacific Worldconceptualization. I
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46Pacific Worldtionable that both t
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48Pacific Worldit is like looking e
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50Pacific Worldthe accepted underst
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52Pacific WorldReward Anticipation
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Studying “No Mind”:The Future o
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Tainer: Studying No Mind 57with the
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Tainer: Studying No Mind 59mously f
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Tainer: Studying No Mind 61Chinese
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Tainer: Studying No Mind 63approach
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Tainer: Studying No Mind 65buddha n
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Tainer: Studying No Mind 67to shape
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Tainer: Studying No Mind 691. the g
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Tainer: Studying No Mind 71Scenario
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Tainer: Studying No Mind 73or pecul
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Cognitive Theories of Ritual andBud
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Payne: Cognitive Theories of Ritual
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Editorial Note: Visions and Visuali
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94Pacific Worldstruggles among his
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96Pacific Worldscriptures and produ
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98Pacific WorldWe need to remember
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100Pacific Worldscriptures. This sh
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102Pacific Worldeast and the west.
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104Pacific WorldSince 1965, we have
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106Pacific WorldNOTES1. Nalinaksha
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Buddhism of Båmiyån 1Meiji Yamada
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Yamada: Buddhism of Båmiyån 111Re
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Yamada: Buddhism of Båmiyån 113Th
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Yamada: Buddhism of Båmiyån 115su
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Yamada: Buddhism of Båmiyån 117ha
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Yamada: Buddhism of Båmiyån 119id
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Yamada: Buddhism of Båmiyån 121of
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Practice of Visualization and theVi
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Yamabe: Practice of Visualization a
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Page 200 and 201: 194Pacific WorldPlate C: The Buddha
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238Pacific Worldthat there are thre
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240Pacific Worldhighest rank of the
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242Pacific Worldforms of not-knowin
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244Pacific WorldPrincipal Repentanc
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246Pacific WorldExtensive Repentanc
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248Pacific WorldIt is believed that
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250Pacific WorldShan-tao draws upon
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252Pacific Worldtsan. Hence, Shan-t
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254Pacific Worldmind, deep mind, an
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256Pacific Worldshøgyø zensho (he
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Pure Land Buddhism in China:A Doctr
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Mochizuki: Pure Land Buddhism in Ch
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282Pacific World. . . the spiritual
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284Pacific World. . . gazes into un
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286Pacific Worldcontemporary observ
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288Pacific WorldThe Dzogchen Primer
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290Pacific Worldinspired by Gampopa
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292Pacific World“effortlessness
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294Pacific Worldaggregate, rather t
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296Pacific WorldAnd yet, Heisig rep
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298Pacific WorldThe next section of
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300Pacific Worldforeign culture, cl
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302Pacific WorldNext, Heisig examin
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304Pacific WorldToward the end of t
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306Pacific Worldaspects, of which t
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308Pacific Worldwarranted. But it i
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310Pacific Worldthe point about the
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312Pacific WorldJaffe argues in the
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BDK ENGLISH TRIPITAKA SERIES:A Prog
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BDK Tripitaka Series: A Progress Re
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This issue of Pacific World:Journal
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