Monitoring ICPD Goals – Selected IndicatorsInfantmortalityTotal per1,000 liveLife expectancyM/FEuropean Commission. 2008. Quality inand Equality <strong>of</strong> Access to Healthcare births Services.Brussels: Directorate-General for Employment,Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities.Ezeh, Alex C., Ivy Kodzi, Jacques Emina.2010. “Reaching the Urban Poor with FamilyPlanning Services.” Studies in Family Planning.41(2): 109-116.Ezzati, Majid, AD Lopez, A Rodgers, S VanderHoorn, CJ Murray and Comparative RiskAssessment Collaborating Group. 2002.“Selected Major Risk Factors and Global andRegional Burden <strong>of</strong> Disease.” Lancet Nov 2;360(9343): 1347-60. Lancet. 2002Nov 2;360(9343): 1347-60.Fahimi-Roudi, Farzaneh, Ahmed AbdulMonem, Lori Ashford, and Maha El-Adawy.<strong>2012</strong>. Women’s Need for Family Planning inArab Countries. Cairo: <strong>UNFPA</strong> Arab <strong>State</strong>sRegional Office and the Pan Arab Project forFamily Health. Washington DC: <strong>Population</strong>Reference Bureau.Feldman, R. and C. Maposhere. 2003. “SaferSex and Reproductive Choice: Findings from“Positive Women: Voices and Choices” inZimbabwe.” Reproductive Health Matters.11(22): 162-173.Finer, Lawrence B. and Stanley K. Henshaw.2006. “Disparities in Rates <strong>of</strong> UnintendedPregnancy in the United <strong>State</strong>s, 1994 and2001.” Perspectives on Sexual and ReproductiveHealth. 38(2): 90-96.Fletcher, Jason M. and Barbara L. Wolfe.2008. “Education and Labor MarketConsequences <strong>of</strong> Teenage Childbearing.” TheJournal <strong>of</strong> Human Resources. 44(2): 303-325.Flood, Michael. 2007. “Involving Men inGender Policy and Practice.” Critical Half.5(1): 9-13.Foreit, Karen G. <strong>2012</strong>. Addressing Poverty: AGuide for Considering Poverty-Related and OtherInequities in Health. Washington, DC: USAIDand MEASURE Evaluation.Foreit, Karen, M. Karra, and T. Pandit-Rajani.2010. Disentangling the Effects <strong>of</strong> Povertyand Place <strong>of</strong> Residence for Strategic Planning.Washington, DC: Futures Group, Health PolicyInitiative, Task Order 1.Indicators <strong>of</strong> Mortality Indicators <strong>of</strong> Education Reproductive Health IndicatorsMaternalmortalityratioPrimary enrolment(gross) M/FProportionreaching grade 5M/FSecondaryenrolment(gross) M/FFrost, Jennifer J. and Jacqueline E. Darroch.2008. “Factors Associated with ContraceptiveChoice and Inconsistent Method Use.”Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health.40(2): 94-104.Galston, William A. and Melissa Rogers. <strong>2012</strong>.Health Care Providers’ Consciences and Patients’Needs: The Quest for Balance. Washington, DC:The Brookings Institution.Glasier, Anna. 2010. Acceptability <strong>of</strong>contraception for men: a review.Contraception. 82 (5): 453-456.Glasier, Anna, A. Metin Gulmezoglu,George P. Schmid, and others. “Sexual andReproductive Health.” The Lancet. 368(9547):1595-1607.Godha, Deepali, David Hotchkiss, andAnastasia Gage. 2011. The Influence <strong>of</strong> ChildMarriage on Fertility, Fertility-Control, andMaternal Health Care Utilization: A MulticountryStudy from South Asia. MEASUREEvaluation PRH Working Paper Series. Tulane:Tulane University School <strong>of</strong> Public Healthand Tropical Medicine.Granich, Reuben, James G. Kahn, RodBennett, and others. <strong>2012</strong>. “Expanding ARTfor Treatment and Prevention <strong>of</strong> HIV in SouthAfrica: Estimated Cost and Cost-Effectiveness2011-2050.” PLoS ONE. 7(2): e30216.Grant, Monica and Kelly Hallman. 2006.Pregnancy-related School Dropout and PriorSchool Performance in South Africa. New York:<strong>Population</strong> Council.Greene, Margaret E. and Alison M. Gold. N.d.“Gender and Sterilization in InternationalReproductive Health Programs.” Unpublishedmanuscript.Greene, Margaret E., and Andrew Levack.2010. Synchronizing Gender Strategies: ACooperative Model for Improving ReproductiveHealth and Transforming Gender Relations.Washington, DC: <strong>Population</strong> Reference Bureaufor the Interagency Gender Working Group<strong>of</strong> USAID.Greene, Margaret E., Manisha Mehta,Julie Pulerwitz, and others. N.d. InvolvingMen in Reproductive Health: Contributionsto Development. New York: United NationsMillennium Project.% Illiterate(>15 years)M/FBirths per1,000womenagedContraceptivePrevalenceGreene, Margaret E. and Thomas Any W. Modern15-19method methodsMerrick. n.d. “Adolescent Sexual Activityand Childbearing in Developing Countries:Challenges and Support for Girls (Draft).”Washington, DC: <strong>World</strong> Bank.Greene, Margaret E, Omar J Robles, andKrista Stout. <strong>2012</strong>. A Girl’s Right to LearnWithout Fear: Working to End Gender-BasedViolence at School. Toronto: Plan Canada.HIVprevalencerate (%)(15-49)M/FGreene, Margaret E. and Thomas W. Merrick.2005. Poverty Reduction: Does ReproductiveHealth Matter? In HNP Discussion Paper Series.Washington, DC: The <strong>World</strong> Bank.Greene, Margaret E., Zohra Rasekh, and Kali-Ahset Amen. 2002. In this Generation: Sexualand Reproductive Health Policies for a Youthful<strong>World</strong>. Washington, DC: <strong>Population</strong> ActionInternational.Grover S.R. 2002. “Menstrual andContraceptive Management in Women with anIntellectual Disability.” The Medical Journal <strong>of</strong>Australia. 176(3): 108-110.Guatemala Ministry <strong>of</strong> Public Health andSocial Assistance. 2003. Encuesta Nacionalde Salud Materno Infantil (National Maternaland Child Health Survey). Guatemala City:MSPAS.aThe Guttmacher Institute. 2003. In Their OwnRight: Addressing the Sexual and ReproductiveHealth Needs <strong>of</strong> Men <strong>World</strong>wide. New York:The Guttmacher Institute.The Guttmacher Institute. <strong>2012</strong>. “Are you inthe know?” New York: Guttmacher Insitute.Website: http://www.guttmacher.org/in-theknow/contraceptive-use.html.Accessed 25July <strong>2012</strong>.The Guttmacher Institute and theInternational Planned Parenthood Federation.2010. Facts on Satisfying the Need forContraception in Developing Countries. New Yorkand London: The Guttmacher Institute andIPPF. Accessible at: http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/FB-Unmet-Need-Intl.pdf.The Guttmacher Institute and theInternational Planned Parenthood Federation.2010a. In Brief: Facts on the Sexual andReproductive Health <strong>of</strong> Adolescent Women inthe Developing <strong>World</strong>. New York: GuttmacherInstitute and IPPF.120 INDICATORSBIBLIOGRAPHY
Monitoring ICPD Goals – Selected IndicatorsInfantmortalityTotal per1,000 liveLife expectancyM/FGwatkin, Davidson R., Shea Rutstein, KierstenJohnson, and others. 2007. births Socio-EconomicDifferences in Health, Nutrition, and <strong>Population</strong>Within Developing Countries: An Overview.Country Reports on Health, Nutrition, and<strong>Population</strong> and Poverty. Washington, DC:<strong>World</strong> Bank.Gwatkin, Davidson R., Adam Wagstaff,Abdo S. Yazbeck. 2005. Reaching the Poorwith Health, Nutrition, and <strong>Population</strong> Services:What Works, What Doesn’t, and Why.Washington, D.C.: The International Bankfor Reconstruction and Development andThe <strong>World</strong> Bank.Haberland, Nicole and Diana Measham.2002. Responding to Cairo: Case Studies<strong>of</strong> Changing Practice in ReproductiveHealth and Family Planning. New York:<strong>Population</strong> Council.Hamilton, Brady E., and Stephanie J. Ventura.<strong>2012</strong>. Birth Rates for U.S. Teenagers ReachHistoric Lows for All Age and Ethnic Groups.NCHS Data Brief, No. 89. Hyattsville, MD:National Center for Health Statistics.Hardon, Anita. 2001. Monitoring FamilyPlanning and Reproductive Rights. New York:Zed Books.Harper, Michael J.K. 2005. “In Search <strong>of</strong> aSecond Contraceptive Revolution.” Sexuality,Reproduction, and Menopause. 3(2): 59-67.Haupt, A., T.T. Kane, and C. Haub. 2011.PRB’s <strong>Population</strong> Handbook. A Quick Guideto <strong>Population</strong> Dynamics for Journalists,Policymakers, Teachers, Students, and otherPeople Interested in Demographics. Washington,DC: <strong>Population</strong> Reference Bureau.Health Policy Initiative, Task Order 1. 2010.“Quantify Inequalities in Access to HealthServices and Health Status.” Washington, DC:Futures Group, Health Policy Initiative, TaskOrder 1.Hervish, Alexandra Charlotte Feldman-Jacobs. 2011. Who Speaks for Me?: EndingChild Marriage. Policy Brief. Washington, DC:<strong>Population</strong> Reference Bureau.Higgins JA and HS Hirsch JS. 2008. “Pleasureand power: incorporating sexuality, agency,and inequality into research on contraceptiveuse and unintended pregnancy.” AmericanJournal <strong>of</strong> Public Health. 98(10): 1803-1813.Indicators <strong>of</strong> Mortality Indicators <strong>of</strong> Education Reproductive Health IndicatorsMaternalmortalityratioPrimary enrolment(gross) M/FProportionreaching grade 5M/FHiggins, Jenny A. and Jennifer S. Hirsch.2007. “The Pleasure Deficit: Revisiting the“Sexuality Connection” in ReproductiveHealth.” International Family PlanningPerspectives. 33(3): 133-139.Higgins, Matthew and Jeffrey G. Williamson.1997. “Age Structure Dynamics in Asia andDependence on Foreign Capital.” <strong>Population</strong>and Development Review. 23(2):261-293.Secondaryenrolment(gross) M/FHiggins, Matthew and Jeffrey G. Williamson.1996. “Asian Demography and Foreign CapitalDependence.” National Bureau <strong>of</strong> EconomicResearch Working Paper Series.No. 5560.Hirsch, Jennifer S. 2008. “Catholics UsingContraceptives: Religion, Family Planning, andInterpretive Agency in Rural Mexico.” Studiesin Family Planning. 39(2): 93-104.Hirsch, Jennifer S. and Nathonson, ConstanceA. 2001. “Some Traditional Methodsare More Modern than Others: Rhythm,Withdrawal and the Changing Meanings <strong>of</strong>Sexual Intimacy in Mexican CompanionateMarriage.” Culture, Health, and Sexuality. 3 (4):413-428.Hobcraft, J. 1991. Child Spacing and ChildMortality. Columbia, MD: MacroInternational, Inc.Human Rights Watch. 2004. “Testimoniesfrom “Unprotected: Sex, Condoms,and the Human Right to Health in thePhilippines.” Accessible at: http://www.hrw.org/news/2004/05/04/testimonies-unprotected-sex-condomsand-human-right-health-philippines.Human Rights Watch. 2011. “Landmark UNVote on Sexual Orientation.” Available athttp://www.hrw.org/news/2011/06/17/landmark-un-vote-sexual-orientation.(Accessed 30 August <strong>2012</strong>).Hunt, Paul and Judith Bueno de Mesquita.2007. The Rights to Sexual and ReproductiveHealth. Essex: University <strong>of</strong> Essex HumanRights Centre.ICF Macro and Uganda Bureau <strong>of</strong> Statistics.2007. Uganda Demographic and Health Survey2006. Calverton, Maryland: ICF Macro.% Illiterate(>15 years)Births per1,000ContraceptivePrevalenceHIVprevalenceM/Fwomenrate (%)ICF Macro and Uganda aged Bureau Any <strong>of</strong> Statistics.Modern(15-49)15-19method methodsM/F<strong>2012</strong>. Uganda Demographic and Health Survey2011. Calverton, Maryland: ICF Macro.International Center for Research on Womenand Promundo. 2011. Evolving Men: InitialResults from the International Men and GenderEquality Survey. Washington, DC: ICRW andPromundo.International Consortium for EmergencyContraception. <strong>2012</strong>. “What is EmergencyContraception?” New York: ICEC. Accessibleat: http://www.cecinfo.org/what/index.htm.Accessed 25 June <strong>2012</strong>.International Federation <strong>of</strong> Gynecologyand Obstetrics Committee for the Study<strong>of</strong> Ethical Aspects <strong>of</strong> Human Reproductionand Women’s Health. 2009. Ethical Issuesin Obstetrics and Gynecology. London:International Federation <strong>of</strong> Gynecologyand Obstetrics.International Planned Parenthood Federation,European Network. 2006. Sexuality Educationin Europe: a Reference Guide to Policies andPractices. Brussels: The SAFE Project: AEuropean partnership to promote thesexual and reproductive health and rights<strong>of</strong> young people.International Planned Parenthood Federation.2005. Fulfilling Fatherhood: Experiences fromHIV-Positive Fathers. London: IPPF.International Planned Parenthood Federation.1996. IPPF Charter on Sexual and ReproductiveRights. London: IPPF.Jaccard, James; Blanton, Hart; Dodge, Tonya(2005). Developmental Psychology, Vol.41(1). 135-147.Janowitz, Barbara and John H. Bratt. 1994.Methods for Costing Family Planning Services.New York: United Nations <strong>Population</strong> Fund andFamily Health International.Jayachandran, Seema, and Adriana Lleras-Muney. 2009. “Life Expectancy and HumanCapital Investments: Evidence from MaternalMortality Declines.” The Quarterly Journal <strong>of</strong>Economics. 124(1): 349-397.Jewkes, R. and H. Rees. 2005. “DramaticDecline in Abortion Mortality Due to theChoice on Termination <strong>of</strong> Pregnancy Act.”South African Medical Journal. 95(4): 250.THE STATE OF WORLD POPULATION <strong>2012</strong>121
- Page 6 and 7:
OverviewOne hundred seventy-nine go
- Page 8 and 9:
The report is structured to answer
- Page 10 and 11:
viiiCHAPTER 1: THE RIGHT TO FAMILY
- Page 12 and 13:
“All human beings are born free a
- Page 14 and 15:
Treaties, conventions and agreement
- Page 16 and 17:
Health: a social and economic right
- Page 18:
“Everyone has the right to educat
- Page 21 and 22:
designing and delivering accessible
- Page 23 and 24:
use, and reduces unintended pregnan
- Page 26 and 27:
16 CHAPTER 2: ANALYSING DATA AND TR
- Page 28 and 29:
Change in Age-Specific Fertility Ra
- Page 30 and 31:
Sexuality, sexual and gender stereo
- Page 32 and 33:
not necessarily associated with a d
- Page 34 and 35:
METHOD EFFECTIVENESSMethod, rankedf
- Page 36 and 37:
tCouple visiting a ruralfamily plan
- Page 38:
Demand and supply over time5 per ce
- Page 41 and 42:
contribute to high unmet need (Sing
- Page 43 and 44:
abortions in the region lead to mor
- Page 45 and 46:
(as stated in the Convention on the
- Page 47 and 48:
arriers prevent individuals from ac
- Page 49 and 50:
CHAPTERTHREEChallenges in extending
- Page 51 and 52:
sources of sexual and reproductive
- Page 53 and 54:
messages were delivered via a numbe
- Page 55 and 56:
Ricardo, 2005). Moreover, young and
- Page 58 and 59:
per cent in Guatemala. Across all c
- Page 60 and 61:
tTeenager inMadagascar listens toa
- Page 62 and 63:
Consensual unions account for an in
- Page 64 and 65:
when. The proportion of never-marri
- Page 66 and 67:
63 per cent to 93 per cent of young
- Page 68 and 69:
Family planning in humanitariansett
- Page 71 and 72:
Studies suggest that HIV may have a
- Page 73 and 74:
with a public health challenge (Wor
- Page 75 and 76:
State-run family planning programme
- Page 77 and 78:
people in mobile, temporary, and re
- Page 79 and 80: systems and civic participation to
- Page 81 and 82: CHAPTERFOURThe social and economici
- Page 83 and 84: tCommunityeducation inCaracas, Vene
- Page 85 and 86: Estimates of Total Fertility2010-20
- Page 87 and 88: children, and healthier women also
- Page 89 and 90: empirical evidence supporting this
- Page 92 and 93: tRicardo and Sarain Mexico City say
- Page 94 and 95: to secure the future population’s
- Page 96 and 97: 86 CHAPTER 5: THE COSTS AND SAVINGS
- Page 98 and 99: Unintended Pregnancies and outcomes
- Page 100 and 101: tDonor Commitmentspanel at the Lond
- Page 102 and 103: UNFPA supports the Health for All c
- Page 104 and 105: tDr. BabatundeOsotimehin, Executive
- Page 106 and 107: 96 CHAPTER 6: MAKING THE RIGHT TO F
- Page 108 and 109: When individuals are able to exerci
- Page 110 and 111: Family planning programmes must ref
- Page 112 and 113: Family planning programmes reinforc
- Page 114: tPresident of NigeriaGoodluck Jonat
- Page 117 and 118: Monitoring Monitoring ICPD ICPD Goa
- Page 119 and 120: Monitoring Monitoring ICPD ICPD Goa
- Page 121 and 122: Monitoring Monitoring ICPD ICPD Goa
- Page 123 and 124: Monitoring ICPD Goals Demographic -
- Page 125 and 126: Monitoring ICPD Goals - Selected In
- Page 127 and 128: BibliographyAbbasi-Shavazi, Mohamma
- Page 129: Monitoring ICPD Goals - Selected In
- Page 133 and 134: Monitoring ICPD Goals - Selected In
- Page 135 and 136: Monitoring ICPD Goals - Selected In
- Page 137 and 138: Monitoring ICPD Goals - Selected In
- Page 140: Delivering a world where every preg