State of World Population 2012 - UNFPA Haiti

methods are several times more effective in preventingpregnancy than no method. About 85 ofevery 100 sexually active women who chose notto use a method will become pregnant withinthe first year (Guttmacher Insititute, 2012).Method effectiveness—measured in pregnanciesper 100 women in the first year of typicaluse—ranges from .05 for the implant, to 28 forspermicides, compared with 85 for no methodat all (Guttmacher Institute 2012). Worldwide,almost one in three women using contraceptionrelies on female sterilization. About one in fourrelies on an intrauterine device. More than onein 10 relies on a traditional method, predominantlywithdrawal and rhythm.Use depends on available options, easeof use and informationWomen may have unmet need or discontinuecontraceptive use because they are dissatisfiedwith current options (Frost and Darroch, 2008;Bradley, Schwandt and Khan, 2009). Most ofthe available options depend on technologiesdeveloped in the 1960s and 1970s, and there hassince been nominal investment into the discoveryand dissemination of new methods (Harper,2005; Darroch, 2007). In addition to strengtheningthe quality of information services aboutmodern methods, national efforts to fulfil therights of women and men may require investmentinto new contraceptive methods, includingmethods that do not cause systemic side effects,can be used on demand, and do not requirepartner participation or knowledge (Darroch,Sedgh and Ball, 2011).New methods alone would not eliminateunmet need. However, newer methods that governmentshave recently approved could enablewomen to exercise their right to more reliablyand safely prevent pregnancies. Studies findthat the leading causes of discontinuation —Global contraceptive use by method23%12%11%14%6%4%30%Source: United Nations. 2011 World Contraceptive Data Sheetside effects and fear of side effects —impedeefforts to meet unmet need (Cottingham,Germain and Hunt, 2012).Effectiveness and a full range of methods arepart of demand but also reflect supply. The qualityof services may be poor and the full rangeof methods is not available to most people; as aconsequence, family planning may not be attractiveto them even if they wish to postpone orend their childbearing.Family planning use and reliabilityof suppliesA growing number of contraceptive optionsare available, especially in developed countries.However, women in most developing countrieshave far fewer options, although the range ofmethods available is improving and now oftenincludes injectables and implants in additionto pills and condoms. Obtaining contraceptiveFemale SterilizationMale SterilizationInjectablesPillCondomIUDTraditionalImplant - Less than 1%Other barriermethods - Less than 1%THE STATE OF WORLD POPULATION 201225