State of World Population 2012 - UNFPA Haiti

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OverviewOne hundred seventy-nine governments affirmed individuals’ right to familyplanning at the International Conference on Population and Development, ICPD, in1994, when signatories of the ICPD Programme of Action stated that, “the aim offamily planning programmes must be to enable couples and individuals to decidefreely and responsibly the number and spacing of their children and to have theinformation and means to do so.” This affirmation marked a paradigm shift inthe way governments and international organizations looked at developmentand population issues.Family planning is critical to individuals’ abilitiesto exercise their reproductive rights, and other basichuman rights. The international consensus aroundthe right to decide the timing and spacing of pregnanciesis the result of decades of research, advocacyand debate. Reflecting this consensus, there is nowa renewed focus in the development communityabout the need for more policy and programmaticaction to ensure that all people can equally exercisetheir right to access high-quality services, suppliesand information when they need them.A broad range of services must be provided toensure sexual and reproductive health. Familyplanning is just one such service, which shouldbe integrated with:• primary health care as well as antenatal care,safe delivery and post-natal care;• prevention and appropriate treatment ofinfertility;• management of the consequences of unsafeabortion;• treatment of reproductive tract infections;• prevention, care and treatment of sexuallytransmitted infections and HIV/AIDS;• information, education and counselling onhuman sexuality and reproductive health;• prevention and surveillance of violenceagainst women and care for survivors ofviolence; and• other actions to eliminate traditionalharmful practices, such as female genitalmutilation/cutting.This report focuses on family planning andrights because:• The basic right of all couples and individualsto decide freely and responsibly on the timingand number of their children is understood asa key dimension of reproductive rights, alongsidethe right to attain the highest standard ofsexual and reproductive health, and the rightof all to make decisions concerning reproductionfree of discrimination, coercionand violence.• A person’s ability to plan the timing and sizeof his or her family closely determines therealization of other rights.• And the right to family planning is one thatmany have had to fight for and still todayrequires advocacy, despite the strong globalrights and development frameworks thatsupport it.ivOVERVIEW
tWomen who are able toplan their families aremore likely to be ableto send their children toschool. And the longerchildren stay in schoolthe higher their lifetimeearnings will be, helpingthem to lift themselvesout of poverty.©Lindsay Mgbor/UKDepartment for InternationalDevelopmentThe shift towards a rights-basedapproach to family planningThe value of a rights-based approach to familyplanning is that it treats individuals as fullhuman beings in their own right, as activeagents, not as passive beneficiaries. Thisapproach is built upon the explicit identificationof rights-holders (individuals) and theduty-bearers (governments and others) that areresponsible for delivering on rights. Today, familyplanning is widely accepted as a foundationfor a range of rights.For this reason, a rights-based approachmay be the premise for the global sustainabledevelopment framework that will succeed theMillennium Development Goals, MDGs, whichwill conclude in 2015. In a recent essay aboutthe post-2015 agenda, the Office of the UnitedNations High Commissioner for Human Rightsstressed that the “increasing global embrace ofhuman-rights-based approaches to development,based on the principles of participation,accountability, non-discrimination, empowermentand the rule of law, offers hope that amore enlightened model of development isnow emerging.”Rights-based approaches—to family planningor other aspects of sustainable development—can lead to greater equity, equality and nondiscrimination.Children by choice, not by chanceThis State of World Population report explains whyfamily planning is a human right and what thatmeans for individuals in developing and developedcountries alike. The report synthesizes severalframeworks for health, reproductive health, andfamily planning, while also building upon themby: elevating the discussion about the importanceof engaging men in family planning as partnersin relationships and in life, and as beneficiaries ofservices; underscoring the need to collect moredata and devise programming that also reachesunmarried young and older people alike; drawingattention to the high rates of unintended andunwanted pregnancies in both developing anddeveloped countries; and showing how changingsexual behaviour in different social contexts andacross age groups is increasingly at variance withold patterns about sexuality, which represent abarrier to making family planning available andaccessible to all.THE STATE OF WORLD POPULATION 2012v
Page 8 and 9: The report is structured to answer
Page 10 and 11: viiiCHAPTER 1: THE RIGHT TO FAMILY
Page 12 and 13: “All human beings are born free a
Page 14 and 15: Treaties, conventions and agreement
Page 16 and 17: Health: a social and economic right
Page 18: “Everyone has the right to educat
Page 21 and 22: designing and delivering accessible
Page 23 and 24: use, and reduces unintended pregnan
Page 26 and 27: 16 CHAPTER 2: ANALYSING DATA AND TR
Page 28 and 29: Change in Age-Specific Fertility Ra
Page 30 and 31: Sexuality, sexual and gender stereo
Page 32 and 33: not necessarily associated with a d
Page 34 and 35: METHOD EFFECTIVENESSMethod, rankedf
Page 36 and 37: tCouple visiting a ruralfamily plan
Page 38: Demand and supply over time5 per ce
Page 41 and 42: contribute to high unmet need (Sing
Page 43 and 44: abortions in the region lead to mor
Page 45 and 46: (as stated in the Convention on the
Page 47 and 48: arriers prevent individuals from ac
Page 49 and 50: CHAPTERTHREEChallenges in extending
Page 51 and 52: sources of sexual and reproductive
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messages were delivered via a numbe
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Ricardo, 2005). Moreover, young and
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per cent in Guatemala. Across all c
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tTeenager inMadagascar listens toa
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Consensual unions account for an in
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when. The proportion of never-marri
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63 per cent to 93 per cent of young
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Family planning in humanitariansett
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Studies suggest that HIV may have a
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with a public health challenge (Wor
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State-run family planning programme
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people in mobile, temporary, and re
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systems and civic participation to
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CHAPTERFOURThe social and economici
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tCommunityeducation inCaracas, Vene
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Estimates of Total Fertility2010-20
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children, and healthier women also
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empirical evidence supporting this
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tRicardo and Sarain Mexico City say
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to secure the future population’s
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86 CHAPTER 5: THE COSTS AND SAVINGS
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Unintended Pregnancies and outcomes
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tDonor Commitmentspanel at the Lond
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UNFPA supports the Health for All c
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tDr. BabatundeOsotimehin, Executive
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96 CHAPTER 6: MAKING THE RIGHT TO F
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When individuals are able to exerci
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Family planning programmes must ref
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Family planning programmes reinforc
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tPresident of NigeriaGoodluck Jonat
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Monitoring Monitoring ICPD ICPD Goa
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Monitoring ICPD Goals Demographic -
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Monitoring ICPD Goals - Selected In
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BibliographyAbbasi-Shavazi, Mohamma
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Delivering a world where every preg
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