State of World Population 2012 - UNFPA Haiti

pers, advertisements and by word of mouth.Improvements in service infrastructure, the participationof young people in service provision,the integration of sexual and reproductive healthand HIV services, and the frequent solicitationof input from young clients—all of these thingshave improved the quality of the sexual andreproductive health services and have significantlyincreased their use.The connections between schooling, familyplanning use and fertility are most readilyevident in adolescence. But the effects of educationon desired family size and contraceptiveuse persist into adulthood. The adjacent figureshows that women with secondary educationuse family planning at four times the rate ofwomen with no schooling in sub-SaharanAfrica. This effect reflects both preferences fornumber of children and access to family planning(UNFPA, 2010).Family planning use andplace of residenceContraceptive use in sub-Saharan Africais double in urban areas than what it is inrural areas. Many countries, especially theworld’s poorest, struggle to bring services torural areas. In addition, people in rural areastend to have less access to schooling, anotherimportant correlate of preferences for smallerfamilies and use of family planning.Family planning demand and use evolvethrough lifeA review of global data shows that sexualactivity evolves over a person’s lifetime.Women and men have sex for differentreasons and under different circumstancesat various times in their lives. Individualdecisions to initiate sex with a partner areThe poorest, least educatedand rural women have the lowest ratesof contraceptive use inSub-Saharan AfricaEDUCATIONWEALTHNo EducationPrimarySecondaryPoorest 20%SecondThirdFourthRichest 20%LOCATIONRuralUrban10%10%13%18%17%24%25%34%42%0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45PERCENTAGE OF USE38%Contraceptive prevalence by background characteristics from 24 sub-Saharan Africancountries at most recent survey, 1998-2008 (Percentage of women aged 1-49, marriedor in union, using any method of contraceptive).Source: Demographic and Health Surveys (calculated using data in Annex III).50THE STATE OF WORLD POPULATION 201221