State of World Population 2012 - UNFPA Haiti

1994 At the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) in Cairo, 179 governments agreed thatpopulation and development are inextricably linked, and that empowering women and meeting people’s needs foreducation and health, including reproductive health, are necessary for both individual advancement and balanceddevelopment. The conference adopted a 20-year Programme of Action, which focused on individuals’ needs andrights, rather than on achieving demographic targets. Advancing gender equality, eliminating violence against womenand ensuring women’s ability to control their own fertility were acknowledged as cornerstones of population anddevelopment policies. Concrete goals of the ICPD centred on providing universal access to education, particularly forgirls; reducing infant, child and maternal deaths; and ensuring universal access by 2015 to reproductive health care,including family planning, assisted childbirth and prevention of sexually transmitted infections including HIV.1995 Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women Reiteratesbroad definition of right to family planning laid out in ICPD Programme of Action.1999 Key Actions for the Further Implementation of the ICPD Programme of ActionA gender perspective should be adopted in all processes of policy formulation and implementation and in thedelivery of services, especially in sexual and reproductive health, including family planning. Emphasized givingpriority to sexual and reproductive health in the context of broader health reform, with special attention to rightsand excluded groups.2000 The Millennium Declaration was drafted by 189 nations which promised to free people from extreme poverty by2015. The connections with reproductive health were initially understated.2001 The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The goals are a road map with measurable targets and cleardeadlines; the targets relevant to reproductive health include:• Reduce by three quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio (MDG-5).• Achieve, by 2015, universal access to reproductive health (MDG 5-B).2004 The 57th World Health Assembly adopted the World Health Organization’s first strategy on reproductive health,recognized the Programme of Action and urged countries to implement the new strategy as part of national effortsto achieve the MDGs.• Make reproductive and sexual health and integral part of planning, budgeting as well as monitoring andreporting on progress towards the MDGs.• Strengthen health systems to provide universal access to reproductive and sexual health care, with specialattention to the poor and other marginalized groups, including adolescents and men.2005 World Summit 2005, follow-up to the 2000 Millennium World Summit. World leaders committed to universalaccess to reproductive health by 2015, to promote gender equality and end discrimination against women.2006 Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities2010 MDG/10 Review Summit. World leaders renewed their commitment to universal access to reproductive health by2015 and promote gender equality and end discrimination against women.2011 The Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women issued a decision establishing that allStates have a human rights obligation to guarantee women of all racial and economic backgrounds timely andnon-discriminatory access to appropriate maternal health services.THE STATE OF WORLD POPULATION 20125