State of World Population 2012 - UNFPA Haiti

per cent in Guatemala. Across all countries, thediscontinuation rates for adolescents are about25 per cent higher than those for older women,with regional variations (Blanc et al., 2009). Inall countries except Ethiopia, a greater proportionof adolescents than older women discontinuedmethod use while still wishing to avoid pregnancy.The same analysis noted higher rates ofcontraceptive failure among young people duringthe first year of contraceptive use.Very few young people are able to exploretheir sexuality in healthy environments alignedwith age-appropriate sexuality education andservices that empower them to make informeddecisions about their sexual behaviours andreproductive health. Family planning programmescan reflect the belief that young peopleare supposed to remain abstinent until marriage.This sociocultural standard no longer reflects thediverse realities of young peoples’ sex lives.Young people explore their sexuality andnegotiate their sex lives influenced by familymembers, religious practices, community leadersand their peers. Male and female adolescentseverywhere are exposed to gendered attitudesand behaviours that shape their perceptions ofsex, sexuality, and relationships, as well as theirbehaviour. The quality and content of the informationyoung people receive varies widely, andis strongly influenced by adolescent peer groups(Kinsman, Nyanzi and Pool, 2000; Jaccard,Blanton and Dodge, 2005). Where youngpeople are especially vulnerable to gender-basedviolence, adolescent girls in particular are atincreased risk that their first sexual experienceis coerced or forced. Coercion is common inDisparities in adolescent fertility rates:Education and household income matterAge-specific fertility rates (live births per 1,000 girls)for 15-19 year-olds by income quintile and regionRegionNo. ofsurveys percountries inthe regionRegionalaveragePoorestquintileRichest quintileRatio offertility ratesPoor-Rich% children of lowersecondary school ageout of school^East Asia 4 of 7 42.4 75.6 17.6 4.3 10.0Central and EasternEurope, Central AsiaLatin America,CaribbeanMiddle East,North Africa6 of 8 52.7 7.0 31.3 2.3 9.6, 4.9**9 of 17 95.7 169.5 39.2 4.3 5.54 of 6 57.8 68.2 35.1 1.9 19.5South Asia 4 of 8 107.0 142.0 57.9 2.5 27.3*Sub-Saharan Africa 29 of 49 129.7 168.1 75.4 2.2 36.8All country average 56 of 95 103.0 142.5 56.6 2.5 18.3Source of fertility data: Gwatkin et al 2007.Source of education data: UNESCO Institute for Statistics 2010.^ Includes children approximately ages 11-14, varies by country* Includes South and West Asia** Data on education presented separately for these two regions48 CHAPTER 3: CHALLENGES IN EXTENDING ACCESS TO EVERYONE