State of World Population 2012 - UNFPA Haiti

More documents

Recommendations

Info

t Women lining up forfree family planningservices. An estimated222 million womenin developingcountries lackaccess to moderncontraceptives.©Lindsay Mgbor/UK Department forInternational DevelopmentA set of “minimum core obligations” are independentof national resources and are thereforenot subject to progressive realization. Theseinclude providing access to family planninginformation and services on a non-discriminatorybasis, and providing essential drugs as definedunder the World Health Organization ActionProgramme on Essential Drugs, which includesthe full range of contraceptive methods. (Centerfor Reproductive Rights and UNFPA, 2010)A human rights-based approachto family planningHuman rights standards, as laid out in internationaltreaties and further developed in nationallaws and regulations provide the legal basis for10 CHAPTER 1: THE RIGHT TO FAMILY PLANNING
designing and delivering accessible, acceptableand high-quality family planning informationand services and for establishing the basis foradvocacy by individuals and communities whowant these services (Cottingham, Germain andHunt, 2010). Advocacy includes lobbying forthe translation of international commitmentsinto national laws, policies and regulations, andfor accountability in implementing these laws,policies and regulations.Human rights standards and the authoritativeinterpretation of the standards by the correspondingtreaty monitoring bodies (GeneralComments) provide an objective set of parametersand criteria that help translate the right tofamily planning at the abstract normative levelinto policies and programmes. As part of ensuringthis translation, development cooperationmust contribute to developing the capacities of“duty-bearers” (especially States) to meet theirobligations, and to “rights-holders” (individualsand communities) to claim their rights (WorldHealth Organization and Office of the HighCommissioner for Human Rights, 2010). Thecommittee on Economic Social and CulturalRights in its General Comment Number 14 onthe right to the highest attainable standard ofphysical and mental health has defined the followingnormative elements that apply to all theunderlying determinants of health:AvailabilityThe State’s obligation to ensure the availabilityof the full range of family planning methodsextends to offering services, to regulating conscientiousobjection and private service delivery,and to ensuring that providers are offeringthe full range of legally permissible services.The State’s role to protect and fulfil rightsincludes ensuring that the exercise of conscientiousobjection among healthcare providersUNFPA ensuring a reliable supply ofquality contraceptivesThrough its Global Programme to Enhance Reproductive HealthCommodity Security, UNFPA ensures access to a reliable supply of contraceptivesin 46 developing countries.Since the Programme’s inception in 2007, UNFPA has mobilized $450million for reproductive health commodities, including contraceptives. In2011 alone, the Programme provided $32 million for these commoditiesand $44 million for initiatives to strengthen national health care systemsand build their capacities to deliver reproductive health services.In 2011, the Programme funded about 15 million vials of injectablecontraceptives, 1.1 million intrauterine devices, 14 million cycles oforal contraception, 316,000 doses of emergency oral contraception,308,000 contraceptive implants, 253 million male condoms and 3.5million female condoms.does not result in unavailability of services.“Conscientious objection” occurs when healthcarepractitioners for reasons of their ownreligious or other beliefs do not want to providefull information on some alternatives. “[T]heyhave, as a matter of respect for their patient’shuman rights, an ethical obligation to disclosetheir objection, and to make an appropriatereferral so [the patient] may obtain the fullinformation necessary to make a valid choice”(International Federation of Gynecology andObstetrics Committee for the Study of EthicalAspects of Human Reproduction and Women’sHealth, 2009). The United States is respondingto conscientious objection in the contextof the Affordable Care Act. In January 2012,the U.S. Department of Health and HumanServices specified preventive health services thatnew insurance plans would be required to cover(Galston and Rogers, 2010). The list includedcontraceptives and sterilizations including emergencycontraception. Churches were narrowlyexempted from this rule, but religiously affiliatedhospitals and social service agencies were not.If they were not already providing these services,THE STATE OF WORLD POPULATION 201211
Page 6 and 7: OverviewOne hundred seventy-nine go
Page 8 and 9: The report is structured to answer
Page 10 and 11: viiiCHAPTER 1: THE RIGHT TO FAMILY
Page 12 and 13: “All human beings are born free a
Page 14 and 15: Treaties, conventions and agreement
Page 16 and 17: Health: a social and economic right
Page 18: “Everyone has the right to educat
Page 23 and 24: use, and reduces unintended pregnan
Page 26 and 27: 16 CHAPTER 2: ANALYSING DATA AND TR
Page 28 and 29: Change in Age-Specific Fertility Ra
Page 30 and 31: Sexuality, sexual and gender stereo
Page 32 and 33: not necessarily associated with a d
Page 34 and 35: METHOD EFFECTIVENESSMethod, rankedf
Page 36 and 37: tCouple visiting a ruralfamily plan
Page 38: Demand and supply over time5 per ce
Page 41 and 42: contribute to high unmet need (Sing
Page 43 and 44: abortions in the region lead to mor
Page 45 and 46: (as stated in the Convention on the
Page 47 and 48: arriers prevent individuals from ac
Page 49 and 50: CHAPTERTHREEChallenges in extending
Page 51 and 52: sources of sexual and reproductive
Page 53 and 54: messages were delivered via a numbe
Page 55 and 56: Ricardo, 2005). Moreover, young and
Page 58 and 59: per cent in Guatemala. Across all c
Page 60 and 61: tTeenager inMadagascar listens toa
Page 62 and 63: Consensual unions account for an in
Page 64 and 65: when. The proportion of never-marri
Page 66 and 67: 63 per cent to 93 per cent of young
Page 68 and 69: Family planning in humanitariansett
Page 71 and 72:
Studies suggest that HIV may have a
Page 73 and 74:
with a public health challenge (Wor
Page 75 and 76:
State-run family planning programme
Page 77 and 78:
people in mobile, temporary, and re
Page 79 and 80:
systems and civic participation to
Page 81 and 82:
CHAPTERFOURThe social and economici
Page 83 and 84:
tCommunityeducation inCaracas, Vene
Page 85 and 86:
Estimates of Total Fertility2010-20
Page 87 and 88:
children, and healthier women also
Page 89 and 90:
empirical evidence supporting this
Page 92 and 93:
tRicardo and Sarain Mexico City say
Page 94 and 95:
to secure the future population’s
Page 96 and 97:
86 CHAPTER 5: THE COSTS AND SAVINGS
Page 98 and 99:
Unintended Pregnancies and outcomes
Page 100 and 101:
tDonor Commitmentspanel at the Lond
Page 102 and 103:
UNFPA supports the Health for All c
Page 104 and 105:
tDr. BabatundeOsotimehin, Executive
Page 106 and 107:
96 CHAPTER 6: MAKING THE RIGHT TO F
Page 108 and 109:
When individuals are able to exerci
Page 110 and 111:
Family planning programmes must ref
Page 112 and 113:
Family planning programmes reinforc
Page 114:
tPresident of NigeriaGoodluck Jonat
Page 117 and 118:
Monitoring Monitoring ICPD ICPD Goa
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Monitoring ICPD Goals Demographic -
Page 125 and 126:
Monitoring ICPD Goals - Selected In
Page 127 and 128:
BibliographyAbbasi-Shavazi, Mohamma
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Page 140:
Delivering a world where every preg
show all

State of World Population 2012 - UNFPA Haiti

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?