Deliverable 4.4 - INSEAD CALT

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AtGentive IST-4-027529-STP - Attentive Agents for Collaborative Learnerscombining both facial emotions and body movements to convey clearer emotions,and to include also animations designed to convey communication action (agree,argue, congratulate, greet). Twelve combinations were identified (6 positives, 6negatives) which were tested in the on-line survey (Table 2). Note that surprise istested as a negative emotion, due to the negative comments collected during the test.Most participants perceived the animation and facial expression related to surprise asexpressing fear.3.2 Emotion evaluationEmotional valence Animation ExpressionsNegative Decline_01 Angry_02Negative Argue_03 Angry_02Negative Surprised_01 Angry_02Negative Sad_02 Sad_02Negative Angry_02 Angry_02Negative Surprised_01 Surprised_02Positive Greet_01 Smile_03Positive happy_01 Smile_03Positive Congattulate_02 Smile_03Positive Argue_02 Smile_03Positive Happy_02 Smile_03Positive Congratulate_01 Smile_03Table 2. The 12 animations selected for evaluationTo test the reliability of the 12 combinations of body animations and facialexpressions, an on-line survey was designed. Short movies were recorded usingCamtasia to capture Colette’s animations produced by the viewer application. Allanimations were recorded starting from a rest phase, then selecting the facialemotion and, finally, the body animation. The screen capture area was selected insuch a way as to cut out the speech bubble accompanying the animation.All videos lasted an average of 6 seconds and were uploaded on YouTube. Thesurvey was designed using surveygizmo (www.surveygizmo.com). An introductorypage briefly explained the purpose of the study. Participants who agreed toparticipate in the study were then shown 12 pages, each of them displaying a videoplayer and a semantic differential item to evaluate the emotional valence of theanimation (Figure 3). Participants evaluation was modulated on 7 points (1 = verynegative; 7 = very positive). Participants activated the video by clicking on the imageand could replay it as many time as they wanted. Once they had rated the animation,they could go to the next page. The order of the animations was randomised acrosssubjects.Del <strong>4.4</strong>: AtGentive Final Evaluation Report – Appendix A page 10
AtGentive IST-4-027529-STP - Attentive Agents for Collaborative Learners3.2.1 MethodFigure 3. Questionnaire LayoutThe survey was open for 2 weeks in August 2007. Participants were recruited by e-mail invitations to friends and acquaintances, following the procedure of conveniencesampling and snowball. In the e-mail, participants were invited to complete the studyand to forward the invitation to others.3.2.2 ResultsThe survey was accessed by 240 people. Of these, 57 people did not progress overthe introductory page and 100 completed the evaluation for all 12 images. Thestatistics reported in this report are based on the participants who completed thesurvey.Basic descriptive statistics of emotional evaluations for the 12 animations arereported in Table 3. The table is sorted by mean value (the lowest the morenegative). Overall, it appears that, despite all the effort in the selection of the stimuli,most of these animations still did not convey the intended meaning. Looking at thestandard deviation, a measure of the spread of a set of data, it emerges also thatoften participants disagreed on the evaluation of the emotional valence conveyed bythe agent.Del <strong>4.4</strong>: AtGentive Final Evaluation Report – Appendix A page 11
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