microwave method. The drying method did not influence the content of vitamin C in the product(p=0.71). The colour of the product started to change after two months of storage.For the industrial production of sweet dried candies it is recommended to use the vacuummicrowavedrying method, and the optimal storage time of the product without significant losses ofquality is two months.References1. Bohem M., Bade M., Kurz B. (2002) Quality stabilization f herbs using a combined vacuum-microwavedrying process. Advances in Food Science, 24 (2), pp. 55-61.2. Böhm V., Kühnert S., Rohm H., Scholze G. (2006) Improving the nutritional quality of microwavevacuumdried strawberries : A preliminary study. Food science and technology international, 12 (1), pp.67-75.3. Diaz-Moroto M.C, Perez-Coello M.S., Cabezudo M.D. (2002) Effect of different drying methods on thevolatile components of the parsley (Patroselinum crispum L.). European Food Research andTechnology, 215, pp. 227-230.4. Hellin P., Vila R., Jordan M.J., Laencina J., Rumpunen K., Ros J.M. (2003) Characteristics andComposition of Chaenomeles Fruit Juice. Japanese Quince Potential Fruit Crop for Northern Europe.Edited by K.Rumpunen, Department of Crop Science, Balsgard, pp. 93-98.5. Jaloszynski K., Figel A., Wojdylo A. (2008) Drying kinetics and antioxidant activity of oregano. ActaAgrophysica, 11 (1), pp. 81-90.6. Krasnova I., Ruisa S., Seglina D. (2007) Investigations of the Biochemical Composition of Chaenomelesjaponica fruits. Chemine Technologija, Kaunas, 4 (46), pp. 16-20.7. Lesinska E., Przybylski R., Eskin N.A.M. (2006) Some Volatile and Nonvolatile Flavor Components ofthe Dwarf Quince (Chaenomeles japonica), 53 (3), pp. 854-856.8. Mac Dougall D.B. (2002) Colour measurement of food. Colour in food: Improving quality. pp. 43.9. Mejia-Meza E.I., Yanez J.A., Davies N.M., Rasco B., Younce F., Remsberg C.M., Clary C. (2008)Improving Nutritional Value of Dried Blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) Combining Microwave-Vacuum, Hot-Air Drying and Freeze Drying Technologies. International Journal of Food Engineering,4 (5), Article 5. Available at: www.bepress.com/ijfe/vol4/iss5/art5, 08.04.2009.10. Nurul Asyikin M. Z., Muhamad I.I., Salleh M.L. (2007) Drying Characteristics of Papaya (CaricaPapaya L.) During Microwave-Vacuum Treatment. International Journal of Engineering andTechnology, 4 (10), pp. 15-20.11. Ruisa S. (1996) Investigations on Organic Acid Content in Fruits, Processing Products and Seed OilContent of Chaenomeles japonica. Problems of Fruit Plant Breeding, Collection of Scientific Articles,Jelgava, pp. 24-31.12. Sham P.W.Y., Scaman C.H., Durance T.D. (2001) Texture of vacuum microwave dehydrated applechips as affected by calcium pretreatment, vacuum level and apple variety. Journal of Food Science, 66(9), pp. 1341-1347.13. Singleton, V.L., Orthofer, R.M., Lamuela-Raventos, R.M. (1999) Analysis of total phenols and otheroxidation substates and antioxidants by means of Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. – Methods in Enzymology,299, pp. 152-178.14. Tein M.L., Timothy D.D., Christine H.S. (1998) Characterization of vacuum microwave, air and freezedried carrot slices. Food research international, 31 (2), pp. 111-117.15. Wojdylo A., Figiel A., Oszmianski J. (2009) Effect of Drying Methods with the Application of VacuumMicrowaves on the Bioactive Compounds, Color, and Antioxidant Activity of Strawberry Fruits.Agricultural Food Chemistry, 57 (4), pp. 1337–1343.16. Yousif A.N., Durance T.D., Scaman C.H., Girard B. (2002) Headspace volatiles and psychicalcharacteristic of vacuum-microwave, air, and freeze dried oregano (Lippia berlandieri schauer). Journalof Food Science, 65 (6), pp. 926-930.118
SHORT INFORMATION ABOUT THE HISTORY OF THE COMMERCIALCULTIVATION HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY IN POLANDĪSA INFORMĀCIJA PAR AUGSTKRŪMU KRŪMMELLEĥU KOMERCIĀLASAUDZĒŠANAS VĒSTURI POLIJĀKazimierz SmolarzInstitute of Pomology & Floriculture, Pomologiczna 18, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland,e-mail: ksmolarz@insad.plAbstractThe first notes concerning highbush blueberry cultivation in Poland appeared about the year 1935 –1939. The results obtained at that time were not positive. Also the first trials with the cultivation ofthis plants soon after the second world war were negative. The problem was in choosing impropersoil for the blueberry. The further experiments concerning the quality of soil and mineralfertilization brought interesting results and caused an increase of interest in blueberry cultivation onlarge scale. The experimental field in Skierniewice, belonging to the Warsaw AgricultureUniversity has plots with different long-term soil mineral fertilization and different pH status since1923. On those plots the first methodical experiment with the highbush blueberry was begun in1976 on drained soil with 1.3 % of humus. This experiment brought very interesting and importantresults. It explained some basic problems, first of all the meaning of pH value and fertilization ofsoil for blueberry cultivation. It appeared that blueberry did crop well when soil pH, determined inKCl is between 3.5 – 4.0. The soil should be rather light and level of ground water not higher than40 – 50 cm below the surface. It was also found that blueberry reacts badly for lack of nitrogen andto a lesser degree, for deficiency of P and K. The growth and yield of blueberry plants on singleplots was differentiated and depended mainly on soil pH and nitrogen fertilization. The plants ofcultivars Bluecrop and Jersey still grow well, though they are 32 years old. Now the rejuvenationpruning research is being done on them.KopsavilkumsPirmās ziĦas par augstkrūmu krūmmelleĦu audzēšanu Polijā ir atrodamas laikā no 1935. – 1939.gadam. Tomēr tā laika pētījumu rezultāti nebija pozitīvi. Arī pirmie izmēăinājumi par šo kultūruaudzēšanu, neilgi pēc otrā pasaules kara, bija negatīvi. Problēma bija saistīta ar nepiemērotuaugsnes izvēli krūmmellenēm. Turpmākie eksperimenti par augsnes kvalitāti un augu minerālobarošanos deva interesantus rezultātus un radīja interesi par krūmmelleĦu audzēšanu lielākosapjomos. Varšavas Lauksaimniecības universitātes Eksperimentālajā laukā Skiernevicē kopš 1923.gada ir ierīkoti ilgstoši izmēăinājumi ar dažādiem augu mēslošanas un pH līmeĦiem. Šajospētījumos pirmie eksperimenti ar krūmmellenēm tika sākti 1976. gadā drenētā augsnē ar 1.3 %humusa saturu. Šis eksperiments deva interesantus un nozīmīgus rezultātus. Tie izskaidroja dažaspamatproblēmas, pirmkārt par augsnes pH saturu un mēslošanu. Izrādījās, ka krūmmellenes labiražoja, kad augsnes pH KCL izvilkumā bija robežās no 3.5 – 4.0. Augsnei jābūt vieglai ungruntsūdenim jābūt ne augstākam par 40 – 50 cm. Tika arī konstatēts, ka krūmmellenes slikti reaăēuz slāpekĜa un, mazākā pakāpē, uz fosfora un kālija trūkumu. KrūmmelleĦu augšanas un ražībasatšėirības noteica, galvenokārt, augsnes pH un mēslošana ar slāpekli. Šėirnes ‘Bluecrop’ un‘Jersey’ joprojām aug normāli, lai arī to vecums jau ir 32 gadi. Pašreiz šajos lauciĦos turpināspētījumi par atjaunojošo apgriešanu.Key words: Vaccinium corymbosum, fertilization, soil pH, cultivar evaluation, pruning, yield.IntroductionThe highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) grows in the wild in the North – East part ofUSA. The bushes grow up to 3 m high, are relatively frost resistant can stand the temperature up to-35 o C. The bushes can be found in forest, on high peat soil, as well as on light, acid mineral soil.The roots grow close under the soil surface, most of them are very thin, only some of them arethick enough to support the plant. The blueberries are very fruitful, the fruits are relatively large,tasty, mainly for fresh eating but also for processing.119
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Conference Organizing CommitteeChai
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15 Pormale J., Osvalde A. and Nolle
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were established in 1985. Nowadays,
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10,1-15 ha7%15,1-20 ha7%< 20,1 ha0%
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In less than half the surveyed farm
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economical and biochemical characte
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investigated European cranberry acc
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fruit of V. opulus has different am
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As several authors have stated (Koz
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KopsavilkumsVaccinium ăints kultū
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maintained in a mist chamber with v
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period and produce vigorous vegetat
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38. Marcotrigiano M. and McGlew S.P
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of changes in the typological struc
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fall from 2 to 3 and that for heath
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HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY BREEDINGAUGSTKR
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Southern and Intermediate highbush
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and anatomically they belong to fal
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The levels of flavonols are more co
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21. Polashock J.J., Griesbach R.J.,
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Figure 1. A general scheme of the N
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5. Åkerström A., Forsum Å., Rump
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species and studying the efficiency
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Thus, it has been determined that t
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CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF HIGHBUSH BL
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lueberry cultivars were collected f
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Ascorbic acid, mg 100ḡ 112108642a
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6. Saftner R., Polashock J., Ehlenf
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Materials and methodsThe experiment
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The titrable acids content of the e
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There was a significant correlation
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