Agronomijas v stis - Latvijas LauksaimniecÄ«bas universitÄte

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dažādi inkubācijas periodi. Šī informācija būtu nozīmīga lielogu dzērveĦu audzētājiem, jo tā varētupalīdzēt realizēt produkciju pirms puves parādīšanās. Nosakot puves ierosinātājus glabāšanas laikā,varēja secināt, ka dažādos <strong>Latvijas</strong> audzēšanas rajonos to izplatība ir atšėirīga.Turpmāk būtu vēl jāveic pētījumi par ogu puves ierosinātāju izplatības veicinošiem iemesliemLatvijā.Key words: cranberry, storage rot, dynamicsIntroductionCranberries are a well known crop in world over 200 years, but for only 10 years in Latvia.Cranberry plantations in Latvia are up to 100 ha. Growers are interested to know how to keep freshberries in good condition during the storage time and what are the reasons for the yield losses.Storage rot fungi are those species that reduce fruit quality during storage.According to literature in the USA and Canada Colletotrichum acutatum, Pestalotia vaccinii,Phyllosticta vaccinii, Physalospora vaccinii, Phomopsis vaccinii and Coleophoma empetri are themost common fungi of sound fruit in storage (Olatinwo et al. 2003; Oudemans et al., 1999; Stileset al., 1999). The fungus Fusicoccum putrefaciens was recovered in less than 1% of the totalisolations. It is the minor fungal pathogen in the USA according to investigations carried out inMichigan (1999 – 2001) and New Jersey (1994 – 1996) (Olatinwo et al. 2003; Stiles et al., 1999).Investigations on the fungal diseases of American cranberries have been carried out since 2004 inLatvia, but storage rotting has not been investigated until 2007.Materials and methodsSix cranberry plantations (Talsi, Riga, Kuldiga, Liepaja, Aluksne, and Cesis districts) wereinspected during harvesting time in 2007. From each cranberry plantation in different regions inLatvia (Figure 1) 200 sound berries (in total 1200 berries) were taken at harvest for causal agentdetection. The cultivar ‘Stevens’ was used for the observations.Figure 1. Inspected cranberry plantations in Latvia.Berries were held in cold camera (+5 º C, RH – 50 %) in plastic boxes until March for causal agentsof storage rot detection. Berries damaged by rotting at the end of each month for four months werecounted. The causal agents of berry rot were isolated only in a pure culture, using potato dextroseagar (PDA). Plates were incubated at room temperature (20 – 25 ° C) for 3 to 4 weeks. Fungi wereidentified directly on the isolation plates by comparing the morphological characteristics of thespores and spore bearing structures with descriptions in the literature (Caruso et al., 1995;Kačergius et al., 2004; Гopлeнкo et al., 1996). The discovered fungi were identified in thelaboratory of Latvian Plant Protection Research Centre. All calculations were performed usingMicrosoft Excel 2003.134
Results und DiscussionBerries were taken from the field at the end of October or in the beginning of November. For thefirst time berries were evaluated at the end of December and on average 12% of all berries wererotted. The assessment of rotted berries was continued for the next three months until the end ofMarch. Spread of berry rot made equal progress during all the storage time (Figure 2).10080%604020122840610end of December end of January end of February end of MarchFigure 2. Dynamics of fruit rot during storage, %.At the end of March berry rot was on average 61 % of all collected berries from the inspectedcranberry plantations in Latvia. This means, berries should be very quickly realized, before they aredamaged by storage rot. It is very difficult to store fresh cranberry in cold cameras withoutfreezing.All rotted berries at the end of each month were sorted and put on the pure culture (used PDA) forcausal agent detection.The spread of berry rot from different growing regions in Latvia where berries were collecteddiffered. Most of all of the rotted berries – 74 % were in the Riga district, but only 52 % of thedamaged berries were in Talsi district (Figure 3). Probably weather conditions and plantation agehad a significant influence on the spread of the berry rot. The cranberry plantation in the Talsidistrict was younger and the climate was optimal in comparison with the plantation in Riga district.%1009080706050403020100746658 566052Aluksne dist. Riga dist. Cesis dist. Kuldiga dist. Talsi dist. Liepaja dist.Figure 3. Berry rot spread from different cranberry growing districts during storage, %.Climate has a strong influence on berry rot caused by different fungi. The winter 2006 was thewarmest of the last 84 years in Latvia. In November, December and January the air temperatureexceeded +10 – 12 ° C and was 7 – 13 ° C above normal. Usually such temperatures are found inSeptember or May. February was the coldest month. In the Aluksne district the air temperature fell135
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Conference Organizing CommitteeChai
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15 Pormale J., Osvalde A. and Nolle
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were established in 1985. Nowadays,
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10,1-15 ha7%15,1-20 ha7%< 20,1 ha0%
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In less than half the surveyed farm
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economical and biochemical characte
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investigated European cranberry acc
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fruit of V. opulus has different am
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As several authors have stated (Koz
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KopsavilkumsVaccinium ăints kultū
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maintained in a mist chamber with v
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period and produce vigorous vegetat
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38. Marcotrigiano M. and McGlew S.P
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of changes in the typological struc
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fall from 2 to 3 and that for heath
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HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY BREEDINGAUGSTKR
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Southern and Intermediate highbush
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and anatomically they belong to fal
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The levels of flavonols are more co
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21. Polashock J.J., Griesbach R.J.,
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Figure 1. A general scheme of the N
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5. Åkerström A., Forsum Å., Rump
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species and studying the efficiency
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Thus, it has been determined that t
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CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF HIGHBUSH BL
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lueberry cultivars were collected f
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Ascorbic acid, mg 100ḡ 112108642a
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6. Saftner R., Polashock J., Ehlenf
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Materials and methodsThe experiment
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The titrable acids content of the e
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There was a significant correlation
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Nichenametla et al., 2006), human n
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The contribution of V. macrocarpon
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11. Kong J. M., Chia L. S., Goh N.K
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isothermically at 70°C for 5 min,
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IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF SEVERAL VAC
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16BM ean N o. of shoots/explant1412
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Figure 2. Axillary shoot regenerati
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evaluate the blueberries supply wit
Page 83 and 84: espectively). It should be stressed
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Page 87 and 88: 15. Reimann C., Kollen F., Frengsta
Page 89 and 90: each type, and for comparison sampl
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Page 93 and 94: 13. Porpáczy A. (1999) A húsos so
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Page 99 and 100: KopsavilkumsEiropas melleĦu (Vacci
Page 101 and 102: Figure 2. Chemometric PCA of 32 blu
Page 103 and 104: References1. Baloga D.W., Vorsa N.,
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Page 107 and 108: In our opinion, the best estimate a
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Page 113 and 114: 14. Ostrolucka M.G., Gajdosova A, L
Page 115 and 116: „Metos RG-350” (http://www.meto
Page 117 and 118: 500480Phenols,mg 100g -146044042040
Page 119 and 120: SHORT INFORMATION ABOUT THE HISTORY
Page 121 and 122: Evaluation of cultivars. After the
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Page 125 and 126: Table 2. Number of flowers per harv
Page 127 and 128: ResultsFirst time upright dieback i
Page 129 and 130: grew rapidly on PDA at 20 - 24 o C.
Page 131 and 132: Figure 9. Conidia of Physalospora v
Page 133: References1. CABI, EPPO, (1997) Dia
Page 137 and 138: In literature Caruso eds. and Гop
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Page 141 and 142: Skilled works on development of the
Page 143 and 144: Tika atrastas dažas būtiskas ats
Page 145 and 146: appears to maintain a quite low lev
Page 147 and 148: 8. Garkava - Gustavson L.,Persson H
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Agronomijas v stis - Latvijas LauksaimniecÄ«bas universitÄte