Agronomijas v stis - Latvijas LauksaimniecÄ«bas universitÄte

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B > Cu > Mo, respectively. The order of macro- and micronutrient concentrations in V.oxycoccos was N > K > Ca = S > Mg > P and Mn > Fe > Zn > B > Cu > Mo.In general, the fruit mineral nutrient concentrations found in the studied species in Latvia weresimilar or considerably higher (Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn and Cu) than values reported for the Americancranberry (USDA, 2008). Reported mean values for Fe content (0.25 mg·100g -1 fresh fruit) in V.macrocarpon fruits (USDA, 2008) were almost twice lower than our Fe results for Americancranberries. To the author’s knowledge, there is little comparable data in the literature which showthe detailed mineral content of V. oxycoccus. However the macronutrient content in wildcranberries analyzed was lower (except Ca), but Mn concentrations significantly higher than thereported values for V. oxycoccos in Finland (Ekholm et. al., 2007)The nutritional significance of fruits as a dietary source of minerals is related to the contributionthey make to the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). The present study shows that fruits ofboth V. macrocarpon and V. oxycoccus are a ood sources of Mn (9.26 % and 120.96 % of therecommended daily dose, accordingly) in human nutrition. The content of Fe, Cu, Mo, and B in100 g of fresh fruits of both cranberries studied also contributes from 4.46 % to 8.89 % of the dailymicronutrient requirement.All macronutrients, except K, in both species of cranberries were stated in relatively lowconcentrations. Only K in V. oxycoccus berries was found in appreciable amounts (3.28 % of theRDA). One hundred grams of fresh wild and cultivated cranberries may supply also a few percentof the RDA for P, Ca, Mg, S and Zn. The availability of Ca in the body to great extent depends onthe calcium to phosphorous ratio. The recommended optimal Ca : P ratio in the diets is 1.0 to 1.3(Calvo & Park, 1996). In our study such a Ca : P ratio was characteristic only for Americancranberries.ConclusionsThe present study revealed significant differences in the mineral composition of V. oxycoccus andV. macrocarpon. Cultivated cranberry fruits had higher content of P and Fe while wild cranberrieshad higher levels of Ca, Mg Mn, Zn, Cu and B. Plant leaf analysis revealed organ-specificdistribution of mineral elements in both species of studied cranberries.The present study shows that fruits of both V. macrocarpon and V. oxycoccus are a valuable sourceof microelements: Fe, Cu, Mo, B and especially Mn, in human nutrition.References1. Bálint A.F., Kovacs G. and Erdei L.J. (2001) Comparison of the Cu, Zn, Fe, Ca and Mg contents of thegrains of wild, ancient and cultivated wheat species. Cereal Research Communications, 29, pp. 375–382.2. Calvo M.S. and Park Y.K. (1996) Changing phosphorus content of the U.S. diet: potential for adverseeffects on bone. J. Nutr., 126, pp. 1168–1180.3. Castaneda - Ovando A., Pacheco-Hernandez L., Paez-Hernandez E., Rodriguez J.A. and Galan-VidalC.A. (2008) Chemical studies of anthocyanins: A review. Food Chemistry, 113, pp. 859–871.4. Cherkasov A.P. (1988) The cranberry yields in the USSR. Acta Botanica Fennica, 136, pp. 65 – 68.5. DeMoranville C.J. (1997) Cranberry nutrition and fertilizers. In: H.A. Sandler (ed), CranberryProduction: a Guide for Massachusetts, Univ. of MA Extensions, pp. 81-85.6. Ekholm P., Reinivuo H., Mattila P., Pakkala H., Koponen J., Happonen A., Hellström J. and Marja-Leena Ovaskainen M.L. (2007) Changes in the mineral and trace element contents of cereals, fruits andvegetables in Finland. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 20, pp. 487–495.7. Grusak M.A. and DellaPenna D. (1999) Improving the nutrient composition of plants to enhance humannutrition and health. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol., 50, pp. 133-161.8. Howell A.B., Reed J.D., Krueger C.G., Winterbottom R., Cunningham D.G. and Leahy M. (2005) A-type cranberry proanthocyanidins and uropathogenic bacterial anti-adhesion activity. Phytochemistry,66, pp. 2281-2291.9. Karlsons A. and Osvalde A. (2007) Characterarion of the American cranberry and wild cranberrynutrient status in cultivated plantings and natural bogs of Latvia. Proc. International Conf. “Vacciniumspp. and less known small fruits: cultivation and health benefit”, Nitra, Slovak Republic, pp. 78-79.10. Konczak I. and Zhang W. (2004) Anthocyanins-more than nature´s colours. Journal of Biomedicine andBiotechnology, 5, pp. 239–240.70
11. Kong J. M., Chia L. S., Goh N.K., Chia T. F. and Brouillard R. (2003) Analysis and biological activitiesof anthocyanins. Phytochemistry, 64 (5), pp. 923–933.12. Leahy M., Speroni J. and Starr M. (2002) Latest development in cranberry health research. Pharm. Biol.,40, pp. 50-54.13. Lule S.U. and Xia W. (2005) Food phenolics, pros and cons: A review. Food Reviews International, 21(4), pp. 367–388.14. Nichenametla S.N., Taruscio T.G., Barney D.L. and Exon J.H. (2006) A review of the effects andmechanisms of polyphenolics in cancer. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 46 (2), pp.161–183.15. Pietola L. and Salo T. (2000) Response of P, K, Mg and NO3-N contents of carrots to irrigation, soilcompaction, and nitrogen fertilization. Agricultural and Food Science in Finland, 9, pp. 319–331.16. Rinkis G., Ramane H. and Kunicka T. (1987) Methods of soil and plant analysis. Zinatne, Riga, 200 p.(In Russian).17. Ripa A. (1988) Rational use, reproduction and protection of cranberries in the Latvian SSR. ActaBotanica Fennica, 136, pp. 69 – 72.18. Stewart C.N. and Nilsen E.T. (1993) Association of edaphic factors and vegetation in several isolatedAppalachian peat bogs. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 120, pp. 128 – 135.19. Stintzing F.C. and Carle R. (2004) Functional properties of anthocyanins and betalains in plants, food,and in human nutrition. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 15 (1), pp. 19–38.20. Vinson J.A., Su X., Zubik L. and Bose P. (2001) Phenol antioxidant quantity and quality in foods: fruit.J. Agric. Food Chem., 49, pp. 5315-5321.21. WHO. (2003) Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases. WHO, Geneva22. Yudina V.F. (1988) On the European cranberry in Soviet Karelia. Acta Botanica Fennica, 136, pp. 73 –76.23. USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference.(2008) www.nal.usda.gov/24. USDA RDA chart. (2004) www.iom.eduCLIMATIC EFFECTS ON THE PRODUCTION AND QUALITY OF BILBERRIES(VACCINIUM MYRTILLUS)KLIMATA IETEKME UZ MELLEĥU (VACCINIUM MYRTILLUS)RAŽU UN KVALITĀTIInger Martinussen 1 , Jens Rohloff 2 , Eivind Uleberg 1 , Olavi Junttila 3 , Anja Hohtola 4 , LauraJaakola 4 and Hely Häggman 41 Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, Bioforsk Nord Holt, Box 2284, N-9269Tromsø, Norway, e-mail: inger.martinussen@bioforsk.no;2 Department of Biology, NTNU, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway;3 Institute of Biology, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway;4 University of Oulu, Department of Biology, P.O. Box 3000, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland.AbstractThe bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), also called European blueberry, is one of the most significantwild berries in the Nordic countries. The berries are recognized for their bioactive properties anddistinctive aroma and flavour. The effects of climate on the production and the quality of bilberrieshave been studied in a controlled experiment in a phytotrone using clonal material. In theexperiment individual plants from two Northern clones and two Southern clones of bilberry weregrown at 12° and 18 °C. At each temperature 2 different light treatments were tested; 1) 24 hour (h)natural light (long day) and 2) 12 h natural light (short day). All plants were kept outside duringflowering to ensure pollination by insects. Berries were sampled when ripe, weighed and stored at -80°C for later analysis.KopsavilkumsMellenes (Vaccinium myrtillus), sauktas arī Eiropas mellenes, ir Ĝoti nozīmīgas savvaĜas ogasZiemeĜu valstīs. Ogas ir atzītas to bioloăiski aktīvo vielu satura un īpašās smažas un garšas dēĜ.Klimata ietekme uz ražu un tās kvalitāti tika pētīta kontrolējamos eksperimenta apstākĜos,71
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Conference Organizing CommitteeChai
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15 Pormale J., Osvalde A. and Nolle
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were established in 1985. Nowadays,
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10,1-15 ha7%15,1-20 ha7%< 20,1 ha0%
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In less than half the surveyed farm
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economical and biochemical characte
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investigated European cranberry acc
Page 19 and 20: fruit of V. opulus has different am
Page 21 and 22: As several authors have stated (Koz
Page 23 and 24: KopsavilkumsVaccinium ăints kultū
Page 25 and 26: maintained in a mist chamber with v
Page 27 and 28: period and produce vigorous vegetat
Page 29 and 30: 38. Marcotrigiano M. and McGlew S.P
Page 31 and 32: of changes in the typological struc
Page 33 and 34: fall from 2 to 3 and that for heath
Page 35 and 36: HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY BREEDINGAUGSTKR
Page 37 and 38: Southern and Intermediate highbush
Page 39 and 40: and anatomically they belong to fal
Page 41 and 42: The levels of flavonols are more co
Page 43 and 44: 21. Polashock J.J., Griesbach R.J.,
Page 45 and 46: Figure 1. A general scheme of the N
Page 47 and 48: 5. Åkerström A., Forsum Å., Rump
Page 49 and 50: species and studying the efficiency
Page 51 and 52: Thus, it has been determined that t
Page 53 and 54: CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF HIGHBUSH BL
Page 55 and 56: lueberry cultivars were collected f
Page 57 and 58: Ascorbic acid, mg 100ḡ 112108642a
Page 59 and 60: 6. Saftner R., Polashock J., Ehlenf
Page 61 and 62: Materials and methodsThe experiment
Page 63 and 64: The titrable acids content of the e
Page 65 and 66: There was a significant correlation
Page 67 and 68: Nichenametla et al., 2006), human n
Page 69: The contribution of V. macrocarpon
Page 73 and 74: isothermically at 70°C for 5 min,
Page 75 and 76: IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF SEVERAL VAC
Page 77 and 78: 16BM ean N o. of shoots/explant1412
Page 79 and 80: Figure 2. Axillary shoot regenerati
Page 81 and 82: evaluate the blueberries supply wit
Page 83 and 84: espectively). It should be stressed
Page 85 and 86: lueberry appear to play a conclusiv
Page 87 and 88: 15. Reimann C., Kollen F., Frengsta
Page 89 and 90: each type, and for comparison sampl
Page 91 and 92: the mean. Kisgyır 1 sample has the
Page 93 and 94: 13. Porpáczy A. (1999) A húsos so
Page 95 and 96: was medium (0.014 - 0.017 g kg -1 s
Page 97 and 98: ‘Salaspils Ražīgā’. Vigorous
Page 99 and 100: KopsavilkumsEiropas melleĦu (Vacci
Page 101 and 102: Figure 2. Chemometric PCA of 32 blu
Page 103 and 104: References1. Baloga D.W., Vorsa N.,
Page 105 and 106: obtained from fruits of black choke
Page 107 and 108: In our opinion, the best estimate a
Page 109 and 110: cuttings also varies markedly with
Page 111 and 112: shoots shorter than 10 mm were not
Page 113 and 114: 14. Ostrolucka M.G., Gajdosova A, L
Page 115 and 116: „Metos RG-350” (http://www.meto
Page 117 and 118: 500480Phenols,mg 100g -146044042040
Page 119 and 120: SHORT INFORMATION ABOUT THE HISTORY
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Evaluation of cultivars. After the
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the number of pistils (female clone
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Table 2. Number of flowers per harv
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ResultsFirst time upright dieback i
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grew rapidly on PDA at 20 - 24 o C.
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Figure 9. Conidia of Physalospora v
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References1. CABI, EPPO, (1997) Dia
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Results und DiscussionBerries were
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In literature Caruso eds. and Гop
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the total area under a cranberry ma
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Skilled works on development of the
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Tika atrastas dažas būtiskas ats
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appears to maintain a quite low lev
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8. Garkava - Gustavson L.,Persson H
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