cultivation of economic-valuable kinds in the light of decisions of the Food program of the USSR. Rep.thes. of res.-manuf. conf., on September, 27-28 th , Gomel, pp. 64-67. (In Russian).5. Marsh cranberry in Belarus (1987) In: E.A. Sidorovich, M.A. Kudinov, N.N. Ruban, etc. The Science andtechnics, Minsk, 238 p. (In Russian).6. Parfyonov V.I., Golod D.S. (1996) Wood's resources of Belarus and questions of their rational use.Natural resources. N 1, pp. 41-54. (In Russian).7. Praskurjakov Е.I. (1937) Wild fruit-berry plants of BSSR. Minsk, St. issue of BSSR, 48 p. (In Russian).8. Sautin V.I. (1980) Distribution, efficiency and the account of resources of a blueberry in BSSR In:Yudina V.M. (etc.). Wild-growing berry plants of the USSR. Rep. thes. of All-Un. Meet., Petrozavodsk,on October, 1-3, 1980, Biology institute, pp. 158-161. (In Russian).9. Sautin V.I., Palamarchuk A.S., and Rajko P.N. (1975) Productivity and stocks of berries in woods ofBelarus Vegetative resources, 11 (3), pp. 320-328. (In Russian).10. Volchkov V.E., Sautin V.I., Valova Z.G., and Bobrovnikova T.I. (1982) Result of studying of wildgrowingberry plants of cowberry family in BSSR Housekeeping in pine woods of BSSR: Proc. of res.mater. of BelRIF. – Gomel, pp. 79-83. (In Russian).PLANT MORPHOLOGY AND RAPD MARKER CHARACTERIZATIONS OFVACCINIUM OXYCOCCUS LITHUANIAN POPULATIONSVACCINIUM OXYCOCCUS LIETUVAS AUGU POPULĀCIJU MORFOLOĂIJA UNRAKSTUROJUMS AR RAPD MARĖIERIEMJudita Žukauskien÷ 1 , Algimantas Paulauskas 1 , Remigijus Daubaras 2 , Laima Česonien÷ 21 Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos 8, Kaunas, e-mail: a.paulauskas@gmf.vdu.lt ,j.zukauskiene@fc.vdu.lt2 Kaunas Botanical Garden of Vytautas Magnus University, Z.E. Zilibero 6, 46324, KaunasAbstractPlant morphogenesis is a useful tool for physiological, biochemical, and molecular studies. Thediversity in plant form is produced mainly because different parts of the plant grow at differentrates. Furthermore, the growth of an individual structure is different in various dimensions. Suchdifferential growth rates are very well determined by genetic factors.Understanding the relationships among wild cranberry morphologic and genetic characteristics mayprovide insights for the better utilization of germplasm. The objectives of this research were todetermine the relationships between the genotype and the development of morphologic features.Eleven morphologic characteristics (vegetative stage, flowering time, ripening start and ending,mass, volume and size of berry, berry form, leaf shape, steepness of upright) of 56 morphologicallydiverse genotypes from the 4 Lithuanian bogs were analyzed using random amplified polymorphicDNA (RAPD) classifications. To compare wild cranberry (Vaccinium oxycoccus) morphologiccharacteristic 213 RAPD bands were used. Comparing wild cranberry genetic and morphologicfeatures there were found some significant variations.KopsavilkumsAugu morfoăenēzes analīze ir noderīga metode fizioloăijas, bioėīmijas un molekulārajās studijās.Augu formu dažādība rodas galvenokārt tāpēc, ka dažādas auga daĜas aug dažādos ātrumos.Turklāt, atsevišėas struktūras augšana var notikt vairākās dimensijās. Šīs augšanas atšėiribas tiekgalvenokārt noteiktas ăenētiski.Sakarības izzināšana starp savvaĜas dzērveĦu morfoloăisko un ăenētisko raksturojumu var Ĝautlabāk izmantot dzērveĦu genofondu. Sī pētījuma mērėis bija noteikt sakarības starp genotipu unmorfoloăisko pazīmju attīstību. Kopumā tika analizētas 56 morfoloăiski atšėirīgi genotipi nočetriem Lietuvas purviem. Izmantojot klasifikāciju pēc RAPD marėieriem, tika pētītas vienpadsmitmorfoloăiskās pazīmes (veăetatīvās fazes ilgums, ziedēšanas laiks, nogatavošanās sākums unbeigas, ogas masa, tilpums un lielums, ogu un lapu forma, dzinumu stāvums). SavvaĜas dzērveĦu(Vaccinium oxycoccus) morfoloăisko atšėirību raksturošanai tika izmanotas 213 RAPD līnijas.142
Tika atrastas dažas būtiskas atsėirības starp savvaĜas dzērveĦu ăenētisko un morfoloăiskoraksturojumu.Key words: genetic and morphological correlation; morphological characteristics; RAPDcharacterizationIntroduction.The berries of wild cranberry (Vaccinium oxycoccos L.) are very valuable because they possess alarge content of biologically active substances (flavonoids, acids, vitamins), that may help protectagainst heart disease, the ability of blood vessels to relax - in subjects with high blood cholesteroland atherosclerosis (Vorsa et al., 2002; Wang et al., 1996). Antioxidants found in this berries helpto neutralize harmful free radicals that are thought to be linked to most chronic diseases includingcancer, diabetes and heart disease (Budriuniene, 1998; Vedenskaja and Vorsa, 2004).Multiple characteristics provide good support for the recognition of species and the determinationof relationships among taxa. The strength of support for a lineage is based on the assumption thatmultiple characteristics have been acquired independently of each other. However, many suites ofcharacteristics, such as the complex flowers of Asclepiadaceae and Orchidaceae, may befunctionally integrated with each other and are probably not acquired independently. Others, suchas the overall size of different organs, may have a common genetic and developmental basis inaddition to functional integration (McLellan, 2005).Genetic basis play important role in evolution of plant morphology (Davis, 2001; Conner, 2002;Ungerer et al., 2002). Two possible mechanisms for these correlations are the association of morethan one phenotypic characteristic with a single genotype, and linkage, when independent genesthat determine different traits are inherited together because they are located near each other in thegenome (McLellan, 2005).The purpose of this paper is to examine correlations between eighteen different morphologicaltraits among four populations of the V. oxycoccus. Also to compare the morphological and RAPDmarker classifications of 56 morphologically diverse genotypes, and to determine the relationshipof their RAPD and morphologic features.Material and methods.Morphologic features analysis. Fifty six cranberry cuttings with clearly differing vegetativeindications (color, size, shape of berry and productivity) (Daubaras et all., 2004) were collectedfrom 4 populations in Lithuania bogs (Čepkeliai (54 o 00’-54 o 03’N, 24o25’-24 o 35’E), Žuvintas(54 o 23’- 54 o 30’N, 23 o 25’-23 o 40’E), Kamanos (56 o 15’-56 o 20’N, 21 o 35’-22 o 45’E) and Aukštatija(55o 40’ - 55 o 00’N, 25 o 80’ – 26 o 25’)) during 1995–1999. The cuttings were arranged in the KaunasBotanical Garden collection into special peat (pH 4.0-5.0) beds. These clones were selected forfurther evaluation ex situ. Eleven morphological properties of shoots, leaves and berries for themorphological characterization of the clones were used along the descriptor list for cranberries(Budriūnien÷, 1998). Depending on the size berries were classified in to 5 groups: very small (1.5 g). Flowering shootswere measured at the end of growth. The main phenological phases of the investigated clones wererecorded also. During four years (2001 - 2004) clones were observed and evaluated according tothe phenological parameters (stages) as: vegetative stage, beginning of blossoming, beginning ofberry ripening, and end of berry ripening. The length of generative shoots, volume of the berries,leaf length, leaf width, and berry weight was also measured. These morphological data were usedfor statistical analysis.DNA analysis. DNA extraction and RAPD analysis was done as it is described previously(Areškevičiūt÷ et all, 2006). Nine (OPA-1, OPA-4, OPA-5, OPA-9, OPA-10, OPB-11, ROTH-6,ROTH-8, ROTH-9) 10 base pair length primers of random sequence (Fermentas, Lietuva; Roth,Germany) were used. DNA amplification was performed in a thermocycler (Mastercycler,Eppendorf, Germany) under the following conditions: initial denaturation for 4 min at 94 °C, 44cycles of denaturation for 1 min at 94 °C, primers annealing for 1 min at 35 °C, extension for 2 minat 72 °C followed by a final extension for 5 min at 72 °C.143
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Conference Organizing CommitteeChai
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15 Pormale J., Osvalde A. and Nolle
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were established in 1985. Nowadays,
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10,1-15 ha7%15,1-20 ha7%< 20,1 ha0%
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In less than half the surveyed farm
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economical and biochemical characte
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investigated European cranberry acc
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fruit of V. opulus has different am
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As several authors have stated (Koz
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KopsavilkumsVaccinium ăints kultū
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maintained in a mist chamber with v
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period and produce vigorous vegetat
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38. Marcotrigiano M. and McGlew S.P
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of changes in the typological struc
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fall from 2 to 3 and that for heath
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HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY BREEDINGAUGSTKR
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Southern and Intermediate highbush
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and anatomically they belong to fal
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The levels of flavonols are more co
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21. Polashock J.J., Griesbach R.J.,
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Figure 1. A general scheme of the N
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5. Åkerström A., Forsum Å., Rump
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species and studying the efficiency
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Thus, it has been determined that t
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CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF HIGHBUSH BL
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lueberry cultivars were collected f
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Ascorbic acid, mg 100ḡ 112108642a
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6. Saftner R., Polashock J., Ehlenf
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Materials and methodsThe experiment
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The titrable acids content of the e
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There was a significant correlation
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Nichenametla et al., 2006), human n
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The contribution of V. macrocarpon
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11. Kong J. M., Chia L. S., Goh N.K
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isothermically at 70°C for 5 min,
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IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF SEVERAL VAC
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16BM ean N o. of shoots/explant1412
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Figure 2. Axillary shoot regenerati
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evaluate the blueberries supply wit
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espectively). It should be stressed
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lueberry appear to play a conclusiv
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15. Reimann C., Kollen F., Frengsta
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each type, and for comparison sampl
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- Page 133 and 134: References1. CABI, EPPO, (1997) Dia
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