Agronomijas v stis - Latvijas Lauksaimniecības universitāte

Tika noteikts, ka biopreparāts baciturīns (ps, titrs 45 – 60 mljr. sporu g -1 , ražots uz Bacillusthuringiensis, var. darmstadiensis celma Nr. 24 – 91 bāzes Baltkrievijas Nacionālās zinātĦuakadēmijas Mikrobioloăijas institūtā un Augu aizsardzības institūtā) devā 6 l ha -1 samazina rožulapu tinēja kāpuru skaitu par 42 – 55 %. Eksperimentālā preparāta lecanicila (ražots Baltkrievijā uzsēnes Lecanicillium (Verticillium) lecanii (Zimm.) Zare et W. celma BL-1 bāzes) pielietošanasamazināja sausseržu-graudaugu laputu skaitu par 22 – 42 %.Key words: entomocoenosis, phytophage, edible honeysuckle, biological preparations, efficiencyIntroductionThe honeysuckle has appeared in amateur orchards of Belarus rather recently. In the eighties of theXX-th century, however, it quickly gained an increasing distribution as it is early ripening andfrost-resistant and can grow on poor soils at minimum expense (Panteev A.V., 1997). Fructificationstarts 3 – 4 years after planting. In the conditions of Belarus the edible honeysuckle startsblossoming at the second or third decade of April and the flowers resist temperature decrease up to-8 ºС. The berries of early varieties start ripening at the end of May-beginning of June, 7 – 10 daysearlier than garden strawberries. Honeysuckle berries are a pantry of vitamins and biologicallyactive substances, have a pleasant taste similar to the blueberry and render curative and preventiveproperties.The average edible honeysuckle productivity in the conditions of Belarus varies from 1.5 to 2.5 kgper bush, however, it is not always stable and also often low, which in many respects is determinedby losses caused by noxious organism damages though until recently there was an opinion that darkblue or edible honeysuckle as well as the majority of ornamental honeysuckles practically were notdamaged by noxious organisms and not infected by diseases (http:luzhok.ru/encyclop/garden/treesbrush/art489.html). However, it is possible to say with confidence that the longer the bush iscultivated, more it suffers from these or other pests. V.P. Vasiliev (1975) points out that in theUkraine the honeysuckle is damaged by 27 insect species, representatives of 7 orders and 1 mitespecies. Based on Z.S. Babenko’s (1982) data in a taiga zone of western Siberia 37 honeysucklepest insect species of the mainly leaf-eating kind are registered. In a non-chernozem zone of Russiathe honeysuckle damage by the following pests are noted: rose tortrix moth (Archips rosana L.),black currant tortrix moth (Pandemis ribeana Hb.), honeysuckle plume moth (Platyptiliacalodactyla Den. & Schiff.), honeysuckle aphid (Semiaphis lonicerae Shap.), willow scale(Chionaspis salicis L.) (Plekhanova M. N., 1990). In the middle zone of Russia the dangeroushoneysuckle pests are: European fruit lecanium, willow scale, honeysuckle-cereal aphid,honeysuckle whitefly, rose, omnivorous and currant tortrix moths, honeysuckle hooktip moth,honeysuckle plume moth (Naumova L.V., 2002). In Latvia the following pests are registered forthe honeysuckle: red spider mite – Tetranychus urticae Koch, honeysuckle apical aphid –Semiaphis tataricae Aizneberg., honeysuckle-spruce aphid – Prociphilus xylostei de Geer,honeysuckle-cereal leaf roller – Rhopalomyzus lonicerae Siebold, frost leafroller – Exapatecongelatella Clerck, rose tortrix moth – Archips rosana Linnaeus, honeysuckle striped sawfly –Zaraea fasciata Linnaeus., honeysuckle miner – Phytogromyza xylostei Robineau-Desvoidy(Rupice A.A., 1981).The research dealing with honeysuckle phytophages indicates the necessity of carrying outprotective measures against pests under conditions of their mass development. There is informationon the efficiency of preparations such as actellic, rogor, confidor, inta-vir, fufanon, decis againstpest insects; against mites – the acaricides: omite, mavrik; against aphids – garlic, tobacco, pepperinfusions (http:flower.onego.ru/kustar/lonice_v.html). As honeysuckle is an early ripening crop andit takes not more than two months from the beginning of bud breaking to berry maturation, it isnecessary to spray against the phytophages only after the fruit harvest.Till 2005 there were no purposeful researches on studying the specific and structural variety ofedible honeysuckle phytophages, terms definition, expediency and the efficiency carrying out ofprotective measures against them.In this connection the objective of the present research was the edible honeysuckle specific pestcomposition determination in Belarus, discovering the most widespread and harmful phytophage48