Agronomijas v stis - Latvijas LauksaimniecÄ«bas universitÄte

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Figure 12. Pycnidia of Allantophomopsiscytisporea on PDA(10x).Figure 13. Conidia of A. cytisporeaon PDA (400x).According to symptoms of cranberry rot and fungus morphological peculiarities moisture cameraand pure culture, black rot were caused by Allantophomopsis cytisporea (Fr.: Fr.) Petrak. Thecausal agent of the disease was identified based on symptoms and morphological characteristicsdescribed by Caruso F. L., 1995 and Гopлeнкo et al., 1996.DiscussionConclusions after two years (2007, 2008) investigations: in Latvia are distributed the same causalagents of cranberry diseases as in North America. According to the literature in the USA andCanada Colletotrichum acutatum, Pestalotia vaccinii, Phyllosticta vaccinii, Physalospora vaccinii,Phomopsis vaccinii and Coleophoma empetri are the most common fungi isolated from sound fruitin storage (Olatinwo et al. 2003; Oudemans et al., 1998). The fungus Fusicoccum putrefaciens wasrecovered in less than 1 % of the total isolations, it is a minor fungal pathogen in the USAaccording to investigations carried out in Michigan (1999 – 2001) and New Jersey (1994 – 1996)(Olatinwo et al. 2003; Stiles et al., 1999). Shear C. L. and Bain H. F. investigated the life cycle offungus in cranberry plantations and established that Fusicoccum putrefaciens grows well at lowtemperatures and in some seasons causes significant losses (Stiles et al. 1999). End rot was mostlyspread in Latvia (2007). The weather conditions are suitable for cranberry growing in Latvia.Upright dieback caused by Phomopsis vaccinii are widely distributed in the USA. In Latvia theincidence level of Phomopsis vaccinii is still low, but in the future it could be an economicallyimportant disease in Latvia as well.Probably causal agents with seedling material have been imported to Latvia. American cranberriesmostly propagate using uprights. It is the most common method in all the world. Next year afterover wintering fungi can develop and infect blossoms, ovaries, uprights and berries again. In thefuture a system should be developed how to control spread of cranberry diseases in plantations.Cranberry growers still do not know all specific agro technical methods of cranberry growing.Damage to cranberries can be caused also by non-parasitic diseases like drought and wrongfertilization.ConclusionUpright dieback of cranberry was caused by several agents. In the Latvian Plant ProtectionResearch Centre laboratory 6 fungi from upright dieback and 9 causal agents from fruit rot weredetected. Mainly the fruit rot symptoms were similar; therefore precise detection of the causalagent is so important.In the future causal agents Fusicoccum putrefaciens and Phomopsis vaccinii could be dangerous,because they cause upright dieback, blossom blight and fruit rot and their control could be difficultin the future.In the future research into to cranberry diseases should be continued.AcknowledgementsThis project was supported by the Ministry of Agriculture of Latvia (Contract No. 43/2007).132
References1. CABI, EPPO, (1997) Diaporthe vaccinei. Quarantine Pests for Europe, pp. 737 – 741.2. Caruso F. L., Ramsdell D.C., eds., (1995) Compendim of Blueberry and Cranberry Diseases, TheAmerican Phytopathological Society, pp. 27 – 87.3. Kačergius A., Jovaišiene Z., Valiuškaite A. (2004) Phomopsis vaccinii on Vaccinium corymbosum inLithuania. Botanica Lithuanica, 10 (1), pp.75 – 80.4. Oudemans, P. V., Caruso F. L., Stretch. A.W. (1998) Cranberry Fruit Rot in the Northeast: A Complexdisease. Plant Disease, 82 (11), pp. 1176 -1184.5. Ripa A. (1996) Amerikas lielogu dzērvene. (The American cranberry), <strong>Latvijas</strong> Zinību biedrība, 75 p, (inLatvian).6. Stiles C. M., Oudemans P.V. (1999) Distribution of cranberry fruit-rotting fungi in New Jersey andevidence for non-specific host resistance. Phytophatology, 89, pp. 218-225.7. Weidemann G. J., Boone D. M. (1983) Incidence and pathogenicity of Phyllosticta vaccinii andBotryosphaeria vaccinii on cranberry. Plant Disease, 67, pp. 1090 – 1093.8. Гopлeнкo C. B., Бyгa C. B. (1996) Бoлeзни и вpeдитeли клюквы кpyпнoплoднoй. Haвyкa i тэxнiкa,247 c.STORAGE ROTS OF VACCINIUM MACROCARPON SPREADAND DEVELOPMENT IN LATVIAVACCINIUM MACROCARPON OGU PUVES IZPLATĪBA LATVIJĀLiga Vilka, Regina Rancane, Maija EiheLatvian Plant Protection Research Centre, Lielvardes 36/36, Riga, LV – 1006, Latviae-mail: regina.rancane@laapc.lvAbstractAmerican cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) have been cultivated for ten years in Latviaand their plantations have a tendency to enlarge every year. Latvian cranberry growers realizemainly fresh berries, because it is difficult to keep quality during prolonged storage. One of themain why quality is reduced is berry rot caused by different fungi. Berries from six cranberryplantations in different regions in Latvia for rot detection were taken at harvest time.Different berry rot appeared on 61 % of all berries in storage. In the berries Botrytis cinerea(yellow rot), Allantophomopsis cytisporea (black rot), Fusiccocum putrefaciens (end rot),Phyllosticta elongata (Botryosphaeria fruit rot), Physalopora vaccinii (blotch rot), Phomopsisvaccinii (viscid rot), Pestalotia vaccinii (Pestalotia fruit rot), Coleophoma empetri (ripe rot),Discosia artocreas (Discosia fruit rot) were detected. Causal agents of berry rot had differentdynamics of development. These fungi had different incubation periods. This is importantinformation for the growers that helps to determine the real time for realization, before rotting isstarted. After four months of storage, the amount of causal agents was different from eachplantation area.In further investigations it is necessary to establish conditions influencing the development ofcausal agents.KopsavilkumsLielogu dzērvenes (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) Latvijā ir zināmas jau piecpadsmit gadus un toplatības turpina palielināties. <strong>Latvijas</strong> lielogu dzērveĦu audzētāji saražoto produkciju realizē svaigāveidā, pārstrādā un, ja iespējams, sasaldē, jo galvenokārt puve uz ogām parādās jau līdzdecembrim. Ražas laikā 2007. gadā, lai noteiktu ogu puves ierosinātājus, tika ievāktas ogas nosešām dažādām lielogu dzērveĦu audzēšanas vietām Latvjā.Uzglabāšanas laikā 61 % ogu bija puves bojātas. No puves bojātām ogām, galvenokārt, tikakonstatētas: Allantophomopsis cytisporea (ogu melnā puve), Fusiccocum putrefaciens (ogugalotnes puve), Phyllosticta elongata (Botryosphaeria ierosinātā ogu puve), Physalopora vaccinii(ogu gaišā puve), Phomopsis vaccinii (viskozā ogu puve), Coleophoma empetri (gatavo ogu puve).Ogu puves ierosinātājiem glabāšanas laikā ir atšėirīga attīstības dinamika, tas nozīmē, ka sēnēm ir133
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Conference Organizing CommitteeChai
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15 Pormale J., Osvalde A. and Nolle
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were established in 1985. Nowadays,
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10,1-15 ha7%15,1-20 ha7%< 20,1 ha0%
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In less than half the surveyed farm
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economical and biochemical characte
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investigated European cranberry acc
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fruit of V. opulus has different am
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As several authors have stated (Koz
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KopsavilkumsVaccinium ăints kultū
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maintained in a mist chamber with v
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period and produce vigorous vegetat
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38. Marcotrigiano M. and McGlew S.P
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of changes in the typological struc
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fall from 2 to 3 and that for heath
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HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY BREEDINGAUGSTKR
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Southern and Intermediate highbush
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and anatomically they belong to fal
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The levels of flavonols are more co
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21. Polashock J.J., Griesbach R.J.,
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Figure 1. A general scheme of the N
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5. Åkerström A., Forsum Å., Rump
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species and studying the efficiency
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Thus, it has been determined that t
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CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF HIGHBUSH BL
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lueberry cultivars were collected f
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Ascorbic acid, mg 100ḡ 112108642a
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6. Saftner R., Polashock J., Ehlenf
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Materials and methodsThe experiment
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The titrable acids content of the e
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There was a significant correlation
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Nichenametla et al., 2006), human n
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The contribution of V. macrocarpon
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11. Kong J. M., Chia L. S., Goh N.K
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isothermically at 70°C for 5 min,
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IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF SEVERAL VAC
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16BM ean N o. of shoots/explant1412
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Figure 2. Axillary shoot regenerati
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Page 83 and 84: espectively). It should be stressed
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Page 87 and 88: 15. Reimann C., Kollen F., Frengsta
Page 89 and 90: each type, and for comparison sampl
Page 91 and 92: the mean. Kisgyır 1 sample has the
Page 93 and 94: 13. Porpáczy A. (1999) A húsos so
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Page 99 and 100: KopsavilkumsEiropas melleĦu (Vacci
Page 101 and 102: Figure 2. Chemometric PCA of 32 blu
Page 103 and 104: References1. Baloga D.W., Vorsa N.,
Page 105 and 106: obtained from fruits of black choke
Page 107 and 108: In our opinion, the best estimate a
Page 109 and 110: cuttings also varies markedly with
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Page 113 and 114: 14. Ostrolucka M.G., Gajdosova A, L
Page 115 and 116: „Metos RG-350” (http://www.meto
Page 117 and 118: 500480Phenols,mg 100g -146044042040
Page 119 and 120: SHORT INFORMATION ABOUT THE HISTORY
Page 121 and 122: Evaluation of cultivars. After the
Page 123 and 124: the number of pistils (female clone
Page 125 and 126: Table 2. Number of flowers per harv
Page 127 and 128: ResultsFirst time upright dieback i
Page 129 and 130: grew rapidly on PDA at 20 - 24 o C.
Page 131: Figure 9. Conidia of Physalospora v
Page 135 and 136: Results und DiscussionBerries were
Page 137 and 138: In literature Caruso eds. and Гop
Page 139 and 140: the total area under a cranberry ma
Page 141 and 142: Skilled works on development of the
Page 143 and 144: Tika atrastas dažas būtiskas ats
Page 145 and 146: appears to maintain a quite low lev
Page 147 and 148: 8. Garkava - Gustavson L.,Persson H
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