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Chapter one: Introduction1.1 Construction industry backgroundConstruction industry is one of the largest and most important industries in Palestine(MAP Overview, 2001). It holds a big share of the Gross National Production andshares a large part of the Palestinian market especially in the past few years. Althoughimportant, construction industry in countries directs a very small amount of itsrevenues towards scientific research (Barrie and Paulson, 1992).Since 1993, the year when Oslo peace agreement have been signed in Norway,Palestinian occupied territories have undergone a rapid pace of reconstruction ofinfrastructure which had been demolished through thirty years of occupation. In spiteof lack of resources and technologies, hundreds of infrastructure, residential, andgovernmental projects were implemented (MAP Overview, 2002).It is necessary to mention that construction industry in Palestine faced obstacles dueto instability in political situation. This situation was mainly exhibited in shortage ofmaterials resulting in long delays and stoppage of work. Other obstacles and barriersincluded lack of safety, lack of management and compulsory contracts. Althoughconstruction industry in Palestine has achieved a tangible growth, there were manyareas in the industry to improve including safety, quality, and productivity.After eleven years of reconstruction of damaged infrastructure, the Palestinianconstruction industry experienced many accidents during execution of projects inaddition to accidents in previous years. The increasing rate of accidents in Gaza Stripwas strongly noticed by professionals who held seminars, workshops and other meansin order to prevent accidents and losses as well. The increasing rate of accidents couldbe referred to the increase of number of projects executed during that period. Anothercause could be lack of safety precautions in addition to poor project management.The tremendous growth in the construction industry internationally and locally meansmore modern and sophisticated facilities are going to be built on tighter timeschedule. The ever-changing philosophies in the construction industry produced1
tighter time schedules, high productivity rates, and new management visions but yetsafety in Gaza Strip is not considered top priority.1.2 Construction safety in PalestineSafety is a very important issue in the construction industry in large areas of theworld. Safety in general is important for each human being on the planet.Nevertheless, in Palestine like several developing countries safety in constructionindustry and other sectors still suffers from ignorance and lack of supervision(Kartam, 2000). This low consideration of safety importance in Palestine caused theescalation of accident rate in construction projects as noticed at the current time.There was always misunderstanding of the concept of safety all around the world inthe previous years. It was thought that safety interferes with project objectives – or inother words, contractors' and owners' objectives – regarding cost, quality andproductivity. Unfortunately, despite the fact that idea of conflict of safety, quality andproductivity changed dramatically in developed countries, it still prevails in manydeveloping countries.Since there is a great concern towards safety in several regions of the world, it ishoped that safety concern would increase in developing countries, thus reducing thelarge number of fatalities amongst workers. This needs efforts by professionals andacademia in Palestine to work much more on safety.1.3 Research problemSafety, quality and productivity have recently become some of the most importantcompetitive strategic tools for project success. Many organizations in developedcountries have realized that they – safety, quality and productivity – are key toapproaching both human safety and project success.During the last ten years, construction safety was not integrated into constructionprojects. Neither contractor nor owner or worker cared about safety on job sites. Itwas greatly noticed that accident rates have increased in the past few years due to lackof safety and quality procedures. The lack of legislation and regulation regardingsafety in Palestine was also one of the reasons that project parties did not care for2
Page 1: The Islamic University Of GazaFacul
Page 4 and 5: AcknowledgementI would like to than
Page 6 and 7: ملخص البحثتعتبر صن
Page 8 and 9: Group 3: Study on relationship betw
Page 10 and 11: List of TablesTable 1: Nonfatal Occ
Page 12 and 13: List of FiguresFigure 1: Costs and
Page 16 and 17: safety. Safety culture contributes
Page 18 and 19: CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEWThe p
Page 20 and 21: The construction industry is often
Page 22 and 23: Table 1 shows nonfatal occupational
Page 24 and 25: centered exclusively on the technic
Page 26 and 27: 3. Small size of most construction
Page 28 and 29: • Quality management: is that asp
Page 30 and 31: of project management that is requi
Page 32 and 33: organizational programs aiming at m
Page 34 and 35: 2.2.3 Construction quality in devel
Page 36 and 37: 5. The designers do not consider th
Page 38 and 39: 2.3 Construction ProductivityProduc
Page 40 and 41: Real Wage TrendsConstruction Traini
Page 42 and 43: Rework for correcting unsatisfactor
Page 44 and 45: the importance of measurement as
Page 46 and 47: productivity sector, because of its
Page 48 and 49: 2.3.7 Construction productivity in
Page 50 and 51: achieved, with the highest quality,
Page 52 and 53: Figure 2: Methodology Flowchart39
Page 54 and 55: Correction for Finite PopulationSS
Page 56 and 57: nominal and ordinal scales. Nominal
Page 58 and 59: e. If respondent responses disagree
Page 60 and 61: Part IV: Linkage between Productivi
Page 62 and 63: 3.7 Pilot StudyWhenever a researche
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Group 1# ItemsP-ValuePearsonSignifi
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Group 2# Itemstime schedule prepara
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Group 3# Itemspsychological pressur
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Page 74 and 75:
Group 7to apply safety regulations4
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Local conditions 0.485 0.01Worker p
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Group# of statementsBeforemodificat
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CostTimeReligionImportanceof StudyR
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2. The study is limited to the cont
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This results from the fact that the
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4.2.4 Capital of CompanyTable 4.2 s
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Employees' background may vary acco
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Respondents might have also not bee
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70.00%60.00%42Percentage of respond
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4.3 Part II: Company's policy, safe
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obligatory to provide safety progra
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Percentage of respondents80.00%60.0
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Projects that are planned taking in
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e aware of importance of accident r
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4.3.1 Part III: Linkage between occ
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Safety and quality factors# ofRespo
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Results also show how much importan
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good safety attitudes in people but
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y him mostly well understood and ap
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costs and increased loss-control. T
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project as of high quality in case
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group with RII = 0.717 and was rank
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8. Emergency Preparedness# ofRespon
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general contractor and subcontracto
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"Safety committee is formed to moni
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For a safety program to be properly
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low factor that affects quality (45
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"Many change orders during implemen
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safer. A new worker when oriented w
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"Inclusion of safety into contract
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management can be achieved through
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‘Project Implementation” group
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4.3.2 Part IV: Linkage between occu
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GROUP 1: Factors improving producti
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more unsafely. Productive workers a
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GROUP 3: Local conditionsTable 4.30
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nonworking days rarely occur in Gaz
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warn workers to avoid them. Workers
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ut also when the crew does return t
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from a change in worksite condition
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Comprehensive worker education thro
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directions of safe actions cannot b
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"Safety expenditures are very much
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ecovering their bankruptcy. Under t
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4.3.4 Part VI: Linkage between occu
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is referred to as heat stress. In a
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job. They can cover work practices,
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"Islam has strengthened principle o
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"Decreasing accidents during work a
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CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION AND RECOMM
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position. This factor belongs to sa
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5.2.3 Safety and CostThis part of t
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5.3 RecommendationsRecommendations
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losing contracts because bids that
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Table 5. 6: Mean and standard devia
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degree support that there is a rela
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Relationshipbetween safetyand costR
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Table 5. 12: Mean and standard devi
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Relationship betweenYes 15 2.4623 0
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5.5 Characteristics of Basic Model
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safety rules, safety inspection, pr
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Arditi, D., and Mochtar, K., 2000,
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Herrero, S., Saldana, M., Del Campo
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Koehn, E., Kothari, R., and Pan, C.
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Salminen, S. and Saari, J., 1995. M
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Annex 1: Questionnaire in English19
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14. Years of experience in the fiel
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22. If Yes, indicate periodweekly b
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Study on relationship between safet
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Study on relationship between safet
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PART VI: LINKAGE BETWEEN OCCUPATION
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5) Safety program for each project6
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بسم االله الرحمن ال
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الجزء الأول:‏السي
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12. إذا كان الجواب ن
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أ)‏دراسة العلاقة
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دراسة العلاقة بين ا
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الجزءالخامس:‏ علاق
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"‎10‎‏.لا يتعارض مب
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Annex 3: Images of safety problems
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Figure 5: Exacavation activities wh
Page 238 and 239:
Figure 8: Worker is fixing house co
Page 240 and 241:
Figure 12: Piping works without saf
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