Polyphasic taxonomy of Penicillium subgenus Penicillium A ... - CBS

J. C. FRISVAD &R.A.SAMSONP. echinulatum Fassatiová, Acta Univ. Carol.Biol. 12: 326, 1977In Penicillium subgenus Penicillium section Viridicataseries SolitaType: Herb. PRM 778523Culture ex type: CBS 317.48 = IBT 6294 = IMI 040028 =ATCC 10434 = NRRL 1151 = FRR 1151 = IFO 7760 =MUCL 15615 = QM 7519, contaminant in a Petri dish,Ottawa, Canada (T)Diagnostic features: Territrems, cyclopenins, dark greenrough-walled conidiaSimilar species: P. echinulatum differs from P. solitum byproducing rough-walled conidia and from P. discolor byinability to produce a diffusible red pigment. P. discolordiffers from P. cavernicola by the cream-coloured reverseon CYA, in contrast to the brown reverse of the latterspecies.Description:Conidiophores: Terverticillate, appressed elements, bornfrom subsurface hyphaeConidia: Rough-walled, globose to subglobose, 3.5-4.5 μm.Phialides: Cylindrical tapering to a distinct collulum, 9-11μm x 2.5-3.0 μmMetulae: Cylindrical, 11-15 μm x 3-3.5 μmRami: Cylindrical, 12-20 μm x 3.5-4.2 μmStipes: Rough-walled, 250-500 μm x 3.5-4.2 μmSynnemata or fasciculation: Weakly fasciculateSclerotia: NoneColony texture: Velutinous to weakly fasciculateConidium colour on CYA: Dark greenExudate droplets on CYA: Present, clearReverse colour on CYA: Cream colouredReverse colour on YES: YellowDiffusible colour: NoneEhrlich reaction: NoneOdour and volatile metabolites: Ethyl acetate, isobutanol,isopentanol, 3-octanone, geosmin (Larsen and Frisvad,1995)Extrolites: 1) Palitantin, 2) Territrems and arisugacins, 3)Cyclopeptin, dehydrocyclopeptin, cyclopenin, cyclopenol,viridicatin, viridicatolGrowth on creatine: Very goodAcid and base production on creatine: Good acid productionfollowed by base productionGrowth on UNO: Very goodGrowth on nitrite: PoorAbiotic factors:Diam., 1 week, 25°C: CYA: 20-40 mm; MEA: 18-35 mm;YES: 33-53 mm; CREA: 21-27 mm; Cz: 14-25 mm, OAT:20-34 mm: CYAS: 32-39 mm; CzBS: 17-24 mm; CzP: 0mm; UNO: 12-22 mm; DG18: 16-29 mmDiam., CYA, 1 week: 5°C: 3-5 mm; 15°C: 25-31 mm;30°C: 0-1 mm; 37°C: 0 mmCYA/CYAS: 0.8 [0.6-1.0]CYA15°C/CYA 25°C: 0.9 [0.8-1.3]CYA30°C/CYA 25°C: 0.03 [0.03-0.05]CZBS/CZ: 0.9 [0.8-1.0]CZP/CZ: 0Distribution: Denmark, Sweden, the Netherlands, Germany,France, Wyoming, Arizonut, USA, Canada, Thailand,Japan, South AfricaEcology and habitats: Lipids, margarine, cheese, wood andwood products, lemon grassBiotechnological applications: NoneBiodeterioration & phytopathology: Has been found inwet mechanical pulp, and may be able to degrade paper.Mycotoxicoses and mycotoxins: Territrems aretremorgenic mycotoxins, but these have not been found tooccur naturally.Typical cultures: IBT 21524 = IBT 12879 = CBS 101027,ex wash basin, Denmark (Y); IBT 7000 = CBS 268.97, exgoat cheese, Paris, France; IBT 3232 = CBS 337.59 =ATCC 18487 = FAT 1019 = FRR 637 = IFO 6233 = IMI068236 = QM 7304, unrecorded source, Japan (P. palitansvar. echinoconidium); IBT 3234 = CBS 112287 = FRR1963, ex cheddar cheese, Orange Free State, South Africa;IBT 21568 = CBS 112288; ex wood shaving, Denmark;IBT 16296 = CBS 290.97, ex root, Wyoming, USA; IBT22503 = CBS 112289, ex waste, Germany; IBT 21839 =CBS 112286, ex lemon grass, Thailand; CBS 255.55, exwet mechanical pulp, Sweden; IBT 4105 = CBS 347.97, exadult bee gut, Arizona, USA.100