Polyphasic taxonomy of Penicillium subgenus Penicillium A ... - CBS

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J.C. FRISVAD &R.A.SAMSONFig 2. Morphological structures in Penicillium subgenus Penicillium. A-H. Conidia, A. Smooth, globose conidia in P. roqueforti,B. Globose to subglobose in P. cyclopium, C. ellipsoidal in P. expansum, D. cylindrical in P. persicinum, E. ellipsoidal tocylindrical in P. digitatum, F. subglobose to ellipsoidal in P. confertum, G. rough-walled conidia P. discolor, H. echinulateconidia in P. echinulatum. I-M. Phialide shape. I. flash-shaped in P. chrysogenum, J. flash-shaped but short in P. griseofulvum,K. flask-shaped but more elongated in P. expansum, L-M. phialides more or less cylindrical in P. ulaiense and P. digitatum,Conidiphore stipe, N. P. expansum, P. P. clavigerum, Q. P. tulipae, R. P. roqueforti, S. P. glandicolaEhrlich testAll isolates were examined for production of cyclopiazonicacid and other alkaloids reacting with Ehrlichreagent (Lund, 1995a) using a filter paper method.Ehrlich reagent consists of 2 g of 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehydein 96% ethanol (85 ml) added 15 ml 10N HCl. A ca. four mm agar plug is cut out of thecenter of a colony grown on CYA (incubated 5-9 daysat 25ºC) and a round piece (1 cm diam.) of the wettedfilter paper (Whatman No. 1) is placed on the mycelialside of the plug. If a violet ring appears after 2- 6 min.the culture contains cyclopiazonic acid or relatedalkaloids (Fig. 4). If the reaction comes after 7-10min. it is regarded as weak. After 10 min the violetring will fade away. Some fungi produce alkaloidsthat will react with Ehrlich reagent to give pink to redor yellow rings.8
POLYPHASIC TAXONOMY OF SUBGENUS PENICILLIUMFig 3. Ehrlich colour reactions. A. Taking a plug from a Penicillium colony. B. Adding a piece of filterpaper with Ehrlichsolution. C. violet in P. expansum, D. violet in P. palitans, E. red brown in P. allii, F. weak violet in P. discolor, G. yellow inP. olsonii, H. no reaction in P. italicumTable 3. Ehrlich results on CYA after one week at 25ºCSpecies violet notesP. albocoremium (+)P. bialowiezense (+)P. camemberti (++) (0 in old deterioratedcultures)P. carneum (+/++)P. caseifulvum (+)P. commune (++/+++)P. dipodomyicola (+++)P. discolor (+)P. expansum (++/+++)P. griseofulvum (+/++) (0 in old deterioratedcultures)P. hirsutum (+/++) (0 in some cultures)P. hordei (+)P. marinum (++) (0 in some mutants)P. neoechinulatum (+++, red violet)P. palitans (+++)P. polonicum (++/+)P. radicicola (w/+)P. roqueforti (+/++) (yellow in somecultures)P. tulipae (+/++)Pink (to red) reactionP. alliiP. aurantiogriseumP. cyclopium (red brown to pink toyellow brown)P. freii (pink red)P. lumpiP. melanoconidiumP. viridicatum (also yellow to brown)Yellow reaction:P. clavigerum (yellow to violet insome cultures)P. nordicum (yellow green)P. olsonii(P. scabrosum)P. thymicolaP. viridicatum (yellow pink brown)Always negative (occasionally yellow reactionP. aethiopicumP. atramentosumP. brevicompactum (some cultures yellow,or faint yellow)P. cavernicola (yellow in somecultures)P. chrysogenum (some cultures yellowor faint yellow )P. clavigerum (yellow, yellow toviolet in some cultures)P. concentricum (some cultures yellow,or faint yellow)P. confertum (faint yellow)P. coprobium (some cultures faintyellow)P. coprophilumP. crustosum (occasionally faintyellow)P. digitatumP. dipodomyisP. echinulatumP. flavigenumP. formosanumP. gladioliP. glandicola (some cultures yellow++or faintlyyellow)P. italicumP. mononematosumP. nordicum (yellow green)P. nalgiovense (occasionally faintyellow)P. olsonii (yellow)P. paneum (some cultures faintlyviolet)P. persicinumP. sclerotigenum (occasionally faintlyyellow)P. solitumP. thymicola (yellow green)P. ulaienseP. tricolorP. venetumP. verrucosum (yellow in someculturesP. vulpinum (some cultures yellowor faintly violet)9
Page 2 and 3: J.C. FRISVAD &R.A.SAMSONcies is not
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Page 11: P. oxalicum has biverticillate stru
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Page 19 and 20: dipodomyis are mainly distinguished
Page 21 and 22: species of the Claviformia by the m
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Page 25 and 26: Ex type cultures of P. granulatum (
Page 27 and 28: = P. terraconense Ramírez & Martí
Page 29 and 30: Two names, P. aurantiocandidum and
Page 31 and 32: (except P. allii and P. albocoremiu
Page 33 and 34: species on cheese (Lund et al., 199
Page 39 and 40: List of accepted species in subgenu
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POLYPHASIC TAXONOMY OF SUBGENUS PEN
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Smedsgaard J. (1997b) Terverticilla
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Polyphasic taxonomy of Penicillium subgenus Penicillium A ... - CBS

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