J. C. FRISVAD &R.A.SAMSONP. nalgiovense Laxa, Zentbl. Bakt. ParasitKde.,Abt. II 86: 162, 1932In <strong>Penicillium</strong> <strong>subgenus</strong> <strong>Penicillium</strong> section Chrysogenaseries ChrysogenaType: Herb. <strong>CBS</strong> 352.48Culture ex type: <strong>CBS</strong> 352.48 = <strong>CBS</strong> 101030 = IBT 21536= IBT 3800 = IMI 039804 = ATCC 10472 = CCF 1728 =CCRC 31671 = DSM 897 = FRR 911 = IFO 8112 = MUCL31194 = NRRL 911 = QM 7600, ex Ellischauer cheese,Czech Republic (T,Y)Diagnostic features: Penicillin F & G, nalgiovensin,smooth-walled conidia, orange reverse on YES, divergentstructures, dark green conidia in fresh isolatesSimilar species: See P. dipodomyis.Description:Conidiophores: Bi- , ter- and quarterverticillate both divergentmetulae and rami born from aerial and subsurfacehyphaeConidia: Smooth-walled, globose to subglobose to broadlyellipsoidal, 3-4 μm x 2.3-3.5 μmPhialides: Flask-shaped, with short wide collula, 8-10 μm x2-2.5 μmMetulae: Cylindrical, 7-15 μm x 2.5-3 μmRami: Cylindrical, 15-20 μm x 3-4 μmStipes: 200-300 μm x 3-4 μmSynnemata or fasciculation: NoneSclerotia: NoneColony texture: VelutinousConidium colour on CYA: Dark green (occasionally white)Exudate droplets on CYA: clearReverse colour on CYA: cream to yellow to orange to darkorange brownReverse colour on YES: Bright yellow to orangeDiffusible colour: yellow brown in <strong>CBS</strong> 352.48 and IBT13039Ehrlich reaction: NoneOdour and volatile metabolites: Ethyl acetate, isobutanol,styrene, 3-octanoneExtrolites: 1) Nalgiovensin, nalgiolaxin, 2) Diaporthins, 3)Penicillin F & G, 4) DipodazinGrowth on creatine: WeakAcid and base production on creatine: No acidGrowth on UNO: Very goodGrowth on nitrite: Very goodAbiotic factors:Diam., 1 week, 25°C: CYA: 18-34 mm; MEA: 9-27 mm;YES: 28-45 mm; CREA: 14-20 mm; Cz: 13-27 mm, OAT:14-25 mm: CYAS: 31-42 mm; CzBS: 6-25 mm (0 mm inone isolate); CzP: 0 mm; UNO: 13-17 mm; DG18: 25-35mmDiam., CYA, 1 week: 5°C: 1-4 mm; 15°C: 14-25 mm;30°C: 5-16 mm (1 mm in one isolate); 37°C: 0 mmCYA/CYAS: 0.8 [0.6-0.9]CYA15°C/CYA 25°C: 0.7 [0.6-0.8]CYA30°C/CYA 25°C: 0.4 [0.05-0.6]CZBS/CZ: 0.6 [0-0.9]CZP/CZ: 0Distribution: Svalbard (Norway), Denmark, Germany,Italy, CanadaEcology and habitats: Cheese, salami, desert sandBiotechnological applications: Fermentation <strong>of</strong> salami(Hungary, Germany, Italy, Spain)Biodeterioration & phytopathology: UnknownMycotoxicoses and mycotoxins: The toxicity <strong>of</strong> nalgiovensin,nalgiolaxin, dipodazin and diaporthins are unknown.Typical cultures: IBT 13039 = <strong>CBS</strong> 109607, ex cheese,Crete, Greece; IBT 15040 = <strong>CBS</strong> 297.97 = <strong>CBS</strong> 258.94, exsandy soil, California, USA; IBT 13042 = <strong>CBS</strong> 109608, exsalami; IBT 12108, ex cheese, Denmark; IBT 11965 = <strong>CBS</strong>109610 = FRR 3284, ex salami, Germany; IBT 12383 =<strong>CBS</strong> 318.92, ex salami; IBT 23346 = <strong>CBS</strong> 112438, ex ice,Svalbard, Norway; IBT 22527 = <strong>CBS</strong> 112439, ex salami;IBT 11970 = Sp 1785, ex salami, Germany; IBT 12640 =<strong>CBS</strong> 315.92, ex salami, Denmark; IBT 12372 = <strong>CBS</strong>316.92, ex salami, Denmark; IBT 12648 = <strong>CBS</strong> 317.92, exsalami, Denmark; IBT 12383 = <strong>CBS</strong> 318.92, ex salami,Denmark; IBT 12561 = <strong>CBS</strong> 319.92, ex salami, Denmark,<strong>CBS</strong> 390.92, ex salami; IBT 12420 = <strong>CBS</strong> 321.92, exsalami, Denmark; <strong>CBS</strong> 257.94, ex sandy soil, California.128
POLYPHASIC TAXONOMY OF SUBGENUS PENICILLIUMFig. 64. <strong>Penicillium</strong> nalgiovense. 7-day old colonies on A. CYA, B. MEA, C. YES, D-H. Conidiophores. I. Conidia. White bar= 10 µm.129