Polyphasic taxonomy of Penicillium subgenus Penicillium A ... - CBS

J. C. FRISVAD &R.A.SAMSONP. coprobium Frisvad, Mycologia 81: 853, 1989In Penicillium subgenus Penicillium section Penicilliumseries ClaviformiaType: Herb. IMI 293209Culture ex type: CBS 561.90 = IBT 3069 = IBT 4583 =IBT 6932 = IBT 21516 = IMI 293209 = ATCC 58615, expig feed, Norway (T, Y)Diagnostic features: Patulin, roquefortine C, meleagrin,ellipsoidal smooth-walled conidia, fasciculate, small synnemata,pale reverse MEA, strong fruit-like smell.Similar species: P. coprophilum differs from P. coprobiumby uneven colony margins, and a dark brown reverse onCYA. P. concentricum has small colonies with a strongorange reverse on MEA, while the reverse of P. coprobiumis cream coloured to light yellow.Description (see also Kubatova (1993/1994) for colourphotographs, as P. coprophilum):Conidiophores: Terverticillate, appressed elements butdivergent rami, born from subsurface hyphaeConidia: Smooth-walled, broadly ellipsoidal, 3.2-4 μm x2.5-3.0 μmPhialides: Cylindrical tapering to a distinct collulum, 6.5-10μm x 2.0-2.5 μmMetulae: Cylindrical, 9-13 μm x 2.5-3 μmRami: Cylindrical, 12-20 μm x 3-3.5 μmStipes: Smooth-walled, 200-400 μm x 3-4 μmSynnemata or fasciculation: Fasciculate, synnemata up to 1mm with white stalks and green heads best developed onOATSclerotia: White to pink and rare only seen on MEA after 3weeks in a glass Petri dish (rare)Colony texture: Fasciculate, not sulcate or only weaklysulcateConidium colour on CYA: Grey green to dark greenExudate droplets on CYA: Copious, clear to pale brownReverse colour on CYA: Greyish brown to yellow brownReverse colour on YES: Cream coloured to curry to oliveDiffusible colour: Pale orange brownEhrlich reaction: None (one isolate faint yellow)Odour and volatile metabolites: Isobutanol, isopentanol,1,3,5-heptatriene and two isomers, 2-pentanone, isobutylacetate, 1-nonene, styrene, 1-undecene, (blackberry smell)(Larsen & Frisvad, 1995)Extrolites: 1) Patulin, 2) Pyripyropens, 3) Cyclopiamin, 4)Roquefortine C, meleagrin and neoxaline (Frisvad andFiltenborg, 1989)Growth on creatine: Very goodAcid and base production on creatine: No acid productionor acid just under colonyGrowth on UNO: Very goodGrowth on nitrite: GoodAbiotic factors:Diam., 1 week, 25°C: CYA: 21-29 mm; MEA: 9-26 mm;YES: 25-34 mm; CREA: 3-15 mm; Cz: 12-17 mm, OAT:18-31 mm: CYAS: 16-28 mm; CzBS: (0-) 4-17 mm; CzP: 0mm; UNO: 5-16 mm; DG18: 23-29 mmDiam., CYA, 1 week: 15°C: 14-19 mm; 30°C: 0-4 mm;37°C: 0 mmCYA/CYAS: 1.2 [0.9-1.3]CYA15°C/CYA 25°C: 0.7 [0.5-0.9]CYA30°C/CYA 25°C: 0.1 [0-0.2]CZBS/CZ: 0.7 [one 0, 0.3-1.1]CZP/CZ: 0Distribution: Denmark, Norway, the Netherlands, Germany,United Kingdom, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Siberia,Russia, China, Kansas, USAEcology and habitats: Dung, soil and roots, cereal basedanimal feed, teaBiotechnological applications: NoneBiodeterioration & phytopathology: UnknownMycotoxicoses and mycotoxins: Patulin and roquefortineC are produced, but P. coprobium has only been foundsporadically on foods and feeds. The species may indicatefaecal contamination of feeds.Typical cultures: IBT 6895 = IBT 3068 = IBT 4516 = CBS184.88 = ATCC 64630 = IMI 321497 = NRRL 13626, exsoil, Houtribdijk, the Netherlands; IBT 3070 = IBT 3707 =IBT 3777 = IBT 6899 = CBS 185.88, ex pig feed, Norway;IBT 6897 = IBT 3071 = CBS 267.97, ex rabbit dung; IBT15439 = CBS 280.97, ex Hordeum vulgare, Denmark; IBT6900 = CBS 562.90 = CCF 2005, ex ČeskomoravskáVrchovina hills, Czech Republic; IBT 18861 = CBS 110762= CCF 2800, ex soil Vrchy hills, Eastern Bohemia, CzechRepublic; IBT 19342 = CBS 110761 = FRR 3645 = PREM47700, ex grass roots, mangrove, Natal, South Africa; IBT13168 = RMF 8051; ex soil, Konza Grassland, LTER,Kansas; IBT 22719, ex soil under snow 3 km vest ofUthoss, Siberia, Russia; IBT 24820, tea, China; IBT 14656,ex potato, Denmark; IBT 3066, ex walnut;IBT 4369 = IBT 3067 = IBT 10555 = IMI 321499, ex soil,Loosdrecht, the Netherlands; IBT 18862 = CCF 2802, exsoil at Hlinsko, Czech Republic; IBT 18859 = FFC 2803, exsoil, Strážovské vrchy hills, Slovakia.84