Polyphasic taxonomy of Penicillium subgenus Penicillium A ... - CBS

More documents

Recommendations

Info

J.C. FRISVAD &R.A.SAMSON= P. aurantio-albidum Biourge, Cellule 33: 197, 1923.= P. johanniolii K.M. Zalessky, Bull. Int. Acad. Pol.Sci. Lett., Sér. B 1927: 453,1927.= P. cyclopium var. aurantiovirens (Biourge) Fassatiová,Acta Univ. Carol. Biol. 12:326, 1977.= P. cordubense Ramírez & Martínez, Mycopathologia74: 164, 1981= P. viridicyclopium Abe, J. gen. Appl. Microbiol. 2:107, 1956.Neotype: IMI 089372P. freii Frisvad & Samson, sp. nov.A Penicillio aurantiogriseo coloniis crustosis et inertia30ºC crescendi distinguitur; xanthomegninum,viomelleinum, vioxanthinum, cyclopeptinum,dehydrocyclopeptinum, cyclopeninum, cyclopenolum,viridicatolum, 3-methoxyviridicatinum formantur, nequeauranthinum, anacinum, acidum terrestricum.Typus: IMI 285513P. melanoconidium (Frisvad) Frisvad & Samson,comb. nov.Basionym: P. aurantiogriseum var. melanoconidiumFrisvad, Mycologia 81:849, 1989.Holotype: IMI 321503P. neoechinulatum (Frisvad, Filt. & Wicklow)Frisvad & Samson, comb. nov.Basionym: P. aurantiogriseum var. neoechinulatumFrisvad, Filt. & Wicklow, Can. J. Bot. 65: 767, 1987.Holotype: IMI 296937P. polonicum K. Zaleski, Bull. Int. Acad. Pol. Sci.Lett., Sér. B 1927: 445, 1927.= P. aurantiogriseum var. polonicum (K.M. Zalessky)Frisvad, Mycologia 81: 850.= P. carneolutescens G. Smith, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc.22: 252, 1939.Neotype: CBS 222.28P. tricolor Frisvad, Seifert, Samson & Mills, Can. J.Bot. 72: 937, 1997 (check).Holotype: DAOM 216240P. viridicatum Westling, Ark. Bot. 11: 88, 1911.= P. olivinoviride Biourge, Cellule 33: 132, 1923.= P. blakesleei K.M. Zalessky, Bull. Int. Acad. Pol.Sci. Lett., Sér. B, 1927: 441, 1927.= P. stephaniae K.M. Zalessky, Bull. Int. Acad. Pol.Sci. Lett., Sér. B, 1927: 451, 1927.= P. ochraceum Bain. apud Thom, Penicillia: 309,1930.= P. verrucosum var. ochraceum (Bain.) Samson, Stolk& Hadlok, Stud. Mycol. (Baarn) 11: 42, 1976.= P. olivicolor Pitt, Gen. Penicil.: 368, 1979.= P. aurantiogriseum var. viridicatum (Westling) Frisvad& Filt., Mycologia 81: 850, 1989.Neotype: IMI 039758iiAll species included in the series Viridicata producesimilar two-, occasionally three- stage-branched(terverticillate) conidiophores, as well as robustphialides. The conidia of most species range fromellipsoidal or subglobose to globose, with wallssmooth or nearly so (with the exception of thestrongly roughened conidia of P. neoechinulatum).Species of the Viridicata are very importantspoilage and mycotoxin producing fungi in cereals,and consequently a correct identification is veryimportant. Unfortunately, the identification of thesespecies is often problematic, because of the greatmorphological variation within the species and thepresence of morphologically intergrading strains.Raper & Thom (1949) considerably reduced thenumber of species by regarding many of them assynonymns. However, they still maintained a greatnumber of closely related species, which they distinguishedby minor differences, such as colony textureand colour. In an attempt to simplify species determinationin this series, Samson et al. (1976) proposed toemend the description of P. verrucosum, thus creatinga large, variable species, which they divided into sixvarieties, mainly based on conidial colour. Pitt (1979)used colony diameter at different temperatures andwater conditions together with conidial and colonypigmentation as means to separate the species ofPenicillium. Frisvad (1981, 1983, 1985) introducedthe application of physiological criteria, such as theproduction of extrolites (for details see above) in anattempt to come to a more accurate delimitation ofspecies. In the present paper the species are based onboth morphological and physiological characters(especially on profiles of extrolites). Since the morphologicaldifferences between most species of theViridicata are very slight, the taxonomical importanceof the extrolites is emphasized. Species of theseries Viridicata show close affinities with the seriesCorymbifera, since the structure of the conidiophoresis identical. Both series are distinguished by morphologicalcriteria. In the Viridicata the conidiophoresrange from strictly mononematous to very slightlysynnematous, whereas in the Corymbifera manyconidiophores are aggregated into well-definedsynnemata, usually appearing as conspicuous orloosely branched coremia. The Viridicata are mainlyseparated from the Expansa by their globose tosubglobose conidia and by their weak growth oncreatine as sole N-source.This series has been discussed by Frisvad andLund (1993) and Lund and Frisvad (1994). It ischaracterized by the seed and cereal habitats (goodamylase production) and production of several extrolites.It is clearly a polythetic series concerningextrolites, as no metabolites are common to all ninespecies (Svendsen and Frisvad, 1994; Larsen andFrisvad, 1995; Smedsgaard and Frisvad, 1997).The ex type culture of P. aurantiogriseum var.poznaniense (NRRL 972) is a typical P. aurantiogriseumand not a P. crustosum as claimed by Pitt(1979).28
Two names, P. aurantiocandidum and P. puberulumpredate P. cyclopium. The ex type culture of P.aurantiocandidum is very degenerated and deterioratingand it identity is questionable. It is proposed totreat P. aurantiocandidum a nomen dubium. P. puberulumis based on neotype material consisting of amixed culture. NRRL 1889 (also NRRL 2040) representsP. cyclopium, while NRRL 845 represents P.commune. This species is therefore also here regardedas a nomen dubium.Ex type cultures of P. aurantiovirens (CBS294.48), P. brunneoviolaceum (CBS 256.29), P.aurantioalbidum (NRRL 887), P. johaniolii (NRRL956), P. viridicyclopium (CBS 349.59), P. martensii(authentic, CBS 111.43) and P. cordubense (CBS162.81) were inseparable from P. cyclopium. Theex type culture of P. carneolutescens (CBS 278.39)proved to be a synonym of P. polonicum. Ex typecultures of P. olivinoviride (CBS 264.29), P.ochraceum = P.olivicolor (CBS 246.32) were foundto be synonyms of P. viridicatum.POLYPHASIC TAXONOMY OF SUBGENUS PENICILLIUM= P. nordicum Dragoni & Cantoni, Ind. Aliment 155:283, 1979 (nom. inval., art 36).= P. mediolanense Dragoni & Cantoni, Ind. Aliment155: 281, 1979 (nom. inval., art 36)Type: ATCC 44219P. thymicola Frisvad & Samson, sp.nov.A Penicillio nordico conidiis asperulatis et reverso luteoaurantiocoloniae in agaris CYA et YES distinguitur;fumiquinazolinum F, daldininum C, alantrypinonumformantur, neque anacina et ochratoxinum A.Typus: CBS 111225P. verrucosum Dierckx, Ann. Soc. Scient. Brux. 25:88, 1901.= P. casei Staub, Zentralbl. Bakt. ParasitKde. Abt. II,31: 454, 1911.Neotype: IMI 200310Micromorphologically these species are similar toseries Viridicata, Corymbifera, Camembertii andSolita. A number of differences set these speciesapart from any other member of the subgenus , however.They are all slow growing species that can growon nitrite as sole N-source, but only weakly oncreatine as sole N-source. The production of verrucoloneis common to all species in Verrucosa (Larsenet al., 2002). Some of the extrolites produced by P.verrucosum (the verrucins and a red brown pigment)are autapomorphic and only citrinin is shared withother Penicillium species. P. verrucosum has beenfound on cereals from temperate zones, whereas P.nordicum has been recovered from salted meat productsand cheese from Northern and Southern Europe.P. thymicola is a less common species, but has beenfound on herbs from Sourthern Europe. These specieshave often been referred to species in Viridicata, butdiffers in a large number of features from thosespecies, including growth on nitrite-sucrose agar andno acid production on creatine-sucrose agar.P. casei (CBS 302.48) is a typical P. verrucosumin all aspects. P. mediolanense (ATCC 44220), aninvalid name, is a synonym of P. nordicum.Fig. 22. Conidiophores and conidia of (A) P. crustosum(B) P. neoechinulatum, (C). P. aethiopicum and (D). P.verrucosum.Series Verrucosa Frisvad, Int. Mod. Meth. Pen. Asp.Clas., 274, 2000.Type species: P. verrucosumAccepted species:P. nordicum Dragoni & Cantoni ex Ramírez, Adv.Pen. Asp. Syst.: 139, 1985.Series Corymbifera Frisvad, Int. Mod. Meth. Pen.Asp. Clas., 275, 2000Type species: P. hirsutumAccepted species:P. albocoremium (Frisvad) Frisvad, Int. Mod. Tax.Meth. Pen. Asp. Clas.: 275, 2000.Basionym: P. hirsutum var. albocoremium Frisvad, Mycologia81: 856, 1989.Holotype: IMI 285511P. allii Vincent & Pitt, Mycologia 81: 300, 1989.29
Page 2 and 3: J.C. FRISVAD &R.A.SAMSONcies is not
Page 5: POLYPHASIC TAXONOMY OF SUBGENUS PEN
Page 9 and 10: POLYPHASIC TAXONOMY OF SUBGENUS PEN
Page 11: P. oxalicum has biverticillate stru
Page 14 and 15: J.C. FRISVAD &R.A.SAMSONproduced by
Page 19 and 20: dipodomyis are mainly distinguished
Page 21 and 22: species of the Claviformia by the m
Page 25 and 26: Ex type cultures of P. granulatum (
Page 27: = P. terraconense Ramírez & Martí
Page 31 and 32: (except P. allii and P. albocoremiu
Page 33 and 34: species on cheese (Lund et al., 199
Page 39 and 40: List of accepted species in subgenu
Page 79 and 80:
POLYPHASIC TAXONOMY OF SUBGENUS PEN
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91 and 92:
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
Cruickshank RH (1983) Distinction b
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Smedsgaard J. (1997b) Terverticilla
show all

Polyphasic taxonomy of Penicillium subgenus Penicillium A ... - CBS

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?