Polyphasic taxonomy of Penicillium subgenus Penicillium A ... - CBS

J. C. FRISVAD &R.A.SAMSONP. gladioli McCulloch & Thom, Science, N.Y.67: 217, 1928In Penicillium subgenus Penicillium section Penicilliumseries GladioliType: Herb. IMI 034911Culture ex type: CBS 332.48 = IBT 14772 = IMI 034911 =NRRL 939 = ATCC 10448 = FRR 339 = LCP 89.202 =MUCL 29174 = QM 1955, ex corm of Gladiolus sp. fromNetherlands imported to Columbia, USA (T)Diagnostic features: Gladiolic acid, patulin, glyanthrypine,smooth-walled conidia, sclerotia produced, gladiolus rotSimilar species: This species superficially resemblesEupenicillium crustaceum, but differs from that species byhaving rough walled stipes (Stolk and Samson, 1983)Description:Conidiophores: Terverticillate, appressed elements, occasionallywith one or two lower branchesConidia: Smooth-walled, subglobose, 2.6-3.4 μm.Phialides: Cylindrical with short collula, 7.5-10 μm x 2.0-2.5 μmMetulae: Cylindrical, 10-15 μm x 2.5-3.5 μmRami: Cylindrical, 15-25 μm x 2.5-3.5 μmStipes: Rough walled, 200-900 μm x 2.5-4 μmSynnemata or fasciculation: Weakly fasciculateSclerotia: Abundant in fresh isolates, especially on OATand MEA, hard, 150-300 (-600) μm, composed of thickwalled cells (8-12 μm). Sclerotium colour cream to lightpinkish tanColony texture: Floccose to slightly fasciculateConidium colour on CYA: Bluish grey greenExudate droplets on CYA: Copious, clearReverse colour on CYA: Cream to light yellow or orangeReverse colour on YES: Cream yellowDiffusible colour on CYA: NoneEhrlich reaction: NoneOdour and volatile metabolites: Not examinedExtrolites: 1) Gladiolic acid and dihydro-gladiolic acid, 2)Atrovenetins, 3) Glyanthrypine (Patulin in CBS 815.70)Growth on creatine: moderate (very good in CBS 815.70)Acid and base production on creatine: Moderate acidproductionGrowth on UNO: WeakGrowth on nitrite: WeakAbiotic factors:Diam., 1 week, 25°C: CYA: 27-41 mm; MEA: 21-38 mm;YES: 30-52 mm; CREA: 12-27 mm; Cz: 18-26 mm, OAT:25-41 mm: CYAS: 41-43 mm; CzBS: 22-24 mm; CzP: 0mm; UNO: 4-23 mm; DG18: 27-30 mmDiam., CYA, 1 week: 5°C: 2-4 mm; 15°C: 17-23 mm;30°C: 0 mm; 37°C: 0 mmCYA/CYAS: 0.8 [0.7-0.9]CYA15°C/CYA 25°C: 0.8 [0.7-0.9]CYA30°C/CYA 25°C: 0CZBS/CZ: 1.0 [0.9-1.2]CZP/CZ: 0Distribution: UK, Netherlands, USA, IndiaEcology and habitats: Gladiolus corms is the only habitatknownBiotechnological applications: NoneBiodeterioration & phytopathology: Pathogenic toGladiolus corms, but the last isolation of P. gladioli is fromIndia in 1970. The species may be extinct, maybe becauseof changed fungicide treatment plans.Mycotoxicoses and mycotoxins: Patulin is produced, butP. gladioli is only known from Gladiolus bulbs.Typical cultures: IBT 14699 = CBS 214.28, ex Gladiolussp., USA; IBT 14773 = CBS 278.47 = ATCC 9437 = DSM2436 = IFO 5766 = IMI 038567ii = NCTC 3994 = NRRL938 = QM 6756, ex corm of Gladiolus sp., UK; IBT 21528= IBT 14769 = CBS 815.70 = CBS 101029 = IMI 140809 =FRR 1548, ex corm of Gladiolus, India (Y).110