Polyphasic taxonomy of Penicillium subgenus Penicillium A ... - CBS

J. C. FRISVAD &R.A.SAMSONP. tulipae Overy & Frisvad, Syst. Appl. Microbiol.26: 634, 2003In Penicillium subgenus Penicillium section Viridicataseries CorymbiferaType: Herb. C 60162Culture ex type: CBS 109555 = CBS 187.88 = IBT 3458,ex Tulipa sp., Denmark (T, Y)Diagnostic features: Terrestric acid, penitrem A, meleagrin,neoxaline, smooth-walled conidia, fast growing on allsubstrates, melon yellow to orange reverse on CYASimilar species: P. tulipae differs from P. albocoremiumand P. radicicola by base production following acid productionon CREA and better sporulation on YES agar.Description:Conidiophores terverticillate, few quarterverticillate fromsubsurface hyphaeConidia: Smooth-walled, globose to subglobose, 2.8-4.5 μmPhialides: Flask-shaped tapering to a distinct collulum, 7.4 -12.9 μm x 2.2-3.8 μmMetulae: Cylindrical, 8.8-15.3 μm x 2.5-4.8 μmRami: Cylindrical, 10.6-24.9 μm x 2.6-5.1 μmStipes: 150-2000 μm x 3.5-4.5 μm, walls smooth to finelyroughenedSynnemata or fasciculation: Loose fasciculationSclerotia: NoneColony texture on CYA: Velutinous to slightly floccoseConidium colour on CYA: Greyish green to dull greenExudate droplets on CYA: Present, clear to yellow oryellow brownReverse colour on CYA: Melon yellow to orangeReverse colour on YES: Deep yellow to yellowish orangeDiffusible colour on CYA: NoneEhrlich reaction: Weak to moderate, violetOdour and volatile metabolites: No dataExtrolites: 1) Terrestric acid, 2) Penicillic acid (rare), 3)Chrysogine, 4) Roquefortine C, meleagrin, neoxaline, 5)Penitrem AGrowth on creatine: weak to moderateAcid and base production on creatine: Good acid productionGrowth on UNO: weakGrowth on nitrite: weakAbiotic factors:Diam., 1 week, 25°C: CYA: 39-48 mm; MEA: 26-40 mm;YES: 48-54 mm; CREA: 24-30 mm; Cz: 30-40 mm, OAT:33-59 mm: CYAS: 30-40 mm; CzBS: 18-27 mm; CzP: 0mm; UNO: 11-15 mm; DG18: 32-38 mmDiam., 1 week: 5°C: 2-5 mm, 15°C: 28-37 mm; 30°C: 2-9mm; 37°C: 0 mmCYA/CYAS: 1.1 [1.0-1.3]CYA15°C/CYA 25°C: 0.80 [0.7-0.9]CYA30°C/CYA 25°C: 0.2 [0.1-0.2]CZBS/CZ: 0.7 [0.6-0.9]CZP/CZ: 0Distribution: Denmark, the Netherlands, Korea, GermanyEcology and habitats: Tulipa, Lilium, and Chrysanthemumbulbs, Apium graveolens, Glycyrrhiza sp., Brassica oleracea,Helianthus tuberosusBiotechnological applications: NoneBiodeterioration & phytopathology: Pathogenic to tulipsand LiliumMycotoxicoses and mycotoxins: The natural occurrence ofpenitrem A, roquefortine C and penicillic acid may beproduced in Beta vulgaris, Helianthus tuberosus etc. has yetto be determined.Typical cultures: IBT 23036 = CBS 734.74, ex bulb ofLilium sp., Netherlands; IBT 10676 = CBS 111217, ex leaveof Tulipa sp., Denmark; IBT 10687 = CBS 109552, exagricultural soil, Germany; IBT 10631 = CBS 112431, exGlycyrrhiza sp., Thailand; IBT 10691 = CBS 112432, exApium graveolens, Denmark; IBT 6173 = CBS 112433, exHelianthus tuberosus, Denmark; IBT 6174, ex Beta vulgaris,Denmark; IBT 10632, ex Beta vulgaris, Denmark;IBT 10671, IBT 10675, IBT 10678, IBT 10680, IBT 15852,IBT 17812, ex Tulipa sp., Denmark; IBT 10674 & IBT10686, ex Brassica oleracea ssp. gemmifera, Denmark; IBT13024 = CBS 406.92, IBT 13025 = CBS 408.92, IBT 13029= CBS 407.92, ex Tulipa sp., Korea; IBT 11648, ex Apiumgraveolens, Denmark; IBT 10681, ex Chrysanthemum sp.,Denmark.156