Polyphasic taxonomy of Penicillium subgenus Penicillium A ... - CBS

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J.C. FRISVAD &R.A.SAMSONplaced by Pitt (1979) in the Italica, seems in spite ofits cylindrical to pyriform conidia, to be better classifiedin series Expansa. It is regarded to be an extremevariant of P. expansum. P. japonicum (CBS 327.59),placed by Pitt (1979) under P. resticulosum, is atypical P. italicum.Series Gladioli Raper & Thom ex Stolk & Samson,Adv. Pen. Asp. Syst.: 183, 1985= Series P. gladioli, Man. Penicillia: 471, 1949 (nom.inval., arts 21,36)Type species: P. gladioliAccepted species:P. gladioli McCulloch & Thom, Science, N.Y. 67:217, 1928.= P. gladioli Machacek, Rep. Queb. Soc. Prot. Pl. 19:77, 1928Neotype: IMI 034911often present. There are no teleomorphs known, butE. crustaceum was regarded as the teleomorph of P.gladioli by Pitt (1979). Even though this pair ofspecies is not representing the same species, theysurely show a series of morphological similarities.P. gladioli shows some affinities with the seriesCorymbifera. Both series are distinguished by thestructure of their cultures. Species of the seriesCorymbifera are characterized by well-defined synnemata,whereas in P. gladioli, the conidiophores areusually mononematous, with only a few small fasciclesoccasionally present. Moreover the sclerotiawhich are typically present in P. gladioli are lackingin the Corymbifera. In both series the majority ofspecies can cause a rot in below ground roots, bulbs,or onions.Species of the series Gladioli show many affinitieswith those of the other series of the subgenusPenicillium, though especially with the series Viridicata.All of them agree in the structure of their conidiophores.The Gladioli are mainly distinguishedfrom the other species of the present section by theirhard, well-developed sclerotia and poor sporulation.Section Digitatum Frisvad & Samson, sect. nov.= Series Digitata Raper & Thom ex Stolk & Samson,Adv. Pen. Asp. Syst.: 183, 1985 = Series P. digitatumRaper & Thom, Man. Penicillia: 385, 1949 (nom. inval.,arts 21,36)Sectio generis Penicillium subgeneris Penicillium,penicillis biverticillatis vel raro terverticillatis, stipitibuslevibus, metulis phialidibusque magnis, conidiis olivaceis,magnis, ellipsoideis vel cylindricis; coloniae in omnibussubstratis velutinae; creatinum, nitritum et nitratum velutsubstratum nitrogeni parce assimilantur, in mediocreatinum et sucrosium continente acidum haud formatur;30ºC et supra non crescentes neque 5% NaCl addito;fructus citricos putrescens.Typus P. digitatum.Fig. 19. Conidiophores and conidia of (A) P. gladioli and(B) P. sinaicumSeries diagnosis: Conidiophores are mononematous,occasionally slightly synnematous. Stipes are varyingin length, but are typically long. They are bearingterminal, slender one-two-three-stage-branchedpenillus, but with the lower branch often somewhatdivergent, and stipes often rough walled. Metulae inverticils of 2-5; one to two, usually single, lowerbranches, each one with 2-4 apical metulae. Phialidesconsisting of a cylindrical base and a relatively short,narrowed neck. In P. gladioli conidia globose tosubglobose (occasionally at first ellipsoidal), withwalls smooth, adhering in parallel or tangled chains,sometimes forming ill-defined columns. SclerotiaP. digitatum (Pers.:Fr.) Sacc., Fung. Ital.: 894, 1881.= Monilia digitata Pers. ex Fr., Syst. Mycol. 3: 411,1832.= Monilia digitata Pers., Syn. Meth. Fung.: 693, 1801.= Aspergillus albus tenuissimus, graminis dactyloidisfacie, seminibus rotundis Mich., Nova Pl. Gen.:213, 1729.= Mucor caespitosus L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1186, 1753.= Penicillium olivaceum Wehmer, Beitr. Kennt. Einh.Pilze 2: 73, 1895.= P. olivaceum Sopp, Skr. Vidensk. Selsk. Christiana11: 176, 1912.= P. olivaceum var. norvegicum Sopp, Skr. Vidensk.Selsk. Christiana 11: 177, 1912.= P. olivaceum var. italicum Sopp, Skr. Vidensk.Selsk. Christiana 11: 179, 1912.= P. digitatoides Peyronel, Germi Atmosferici Fung.Micel.: 22, 1913.= P. lanosogrisellum Biourge, Cellule 33: 196, 1923.26
= P. terraconense Ramírez & Martínez,Mycopathologia 72: 187, 1980.Lectotype: icon in Saccardo, Fung. Ital.: tab. 894 Jul.1881, Epitype proposed here: CBS 112082.POLYPHASIC TAXONOMY OF SUBGENUS PENICILLIUMhaud producta, sed una vel complures substantiarumsequentium: verrucolonum, acidum penicillicum,xanthomegninum, rugulovasinum, acidum cyclopiazonicum,viridicatina, territrema.Typus P. viridicatum.Series Viridicata Raper & Thom ex Pitt, Gen. Penicil.:334, 1979= Series P. viridicatum Raper & Thom, Man. Penicillia:481, 1949 (nom. inval., arts 21,36)= Series P. cyclopium Raper & Thom, Man. Penicillia:490, 1949 (nom. inval., arts 21,36)= Series P. ochraceum Raper & Thom, Man. Penicillia:475, 1949 (nom. inval., arts 21,36)= Ochracea Fassatiová, Acta Univ. Carol. Biol. 12:324, 1977Fig. 20. Conidiophores and conidia of P. digitatumThis series comprises only the very distinct species P.digitatum. The olive coloured conidia and largeirregular micromorpholopgical structures and cylindricalphialides and conidia are unique in Penicillium.No relatives are known although it shows someresemblance to the anamorph structures of Penicilliopsisand its placement in subgenus Penicillium hasbeen questioned (Stolk and Samson, 1985). There areno extrolites in common between P. digitatum andthe two members of Italica.Of the synonyms of P. digitatum, only P. terraconensewas available as an ex type culture (CBS177.81). This was a typical P. digitatum.Section Viridicata Frisvad & Samson, sect. nov.Sectio generis Penicillium subgeneris Penicillium,penicillis terverticillatis, stipitibus levibus vel plerumqueasperulatis vel rugosis, conidiis globosis vel subglobosis;coloniae 5% NaCl addito plerumque stimulantur, 37ºChaud crescentes, granulares vel modice fasciulatae; speciespraecipue in cerealibus, bulbis horticolis, Allio cepa, carne,nucibus mel productis e lacte derivatis inventae;patulinum, griseofulvinum vel deoxybrevianamidum EFig. 21. Conidiophores and conidia of (A) P. aurantiogriseum,(B) P. melanoconidium and (C) P. viridicatumAccepted species:P. aurantiogriseum Dierckx, Ann. Soc. Scient. Brux.25: 88, 1901= P. aurantiogriseum var. poznaniense K.M. Zalesky,Bull. Int. Acad. Pol. Sci. Lett., Sér. B 1927: 444, 1927.Neotype: IMI 195050P. cyclopium Westling, Ark. Bot. 11: 90, 1911.= ?P. aurantiocandidum Dierckx, Ann. Soc. Scient.Brux. 25: 88, 1901.= ? P. puberulum Bain., Bull. Trimest. Soc. Mycol. Fr.23: 16, 1907.= P. porraceum Biourge, Cellule 33: 188, 1923.= P. aurantiovirens Biourge, Cellule 33: 119, 1923.= ?P. janthogenum Biourge, Cellule 33: 143, 1923.= P. brunneoviolaceum Biourge, Cellule 33: 145, 1923.= P. martensii Biourge, Cellule 33: 152, 1923.27
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Polyphasic taxonomy of Penicillium subgenus Penicillium A ... - CBS

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