Polyphasic taxonomy of Penicillium subgenus Penicillium A ... - CBS

J.C. FRISVAD &R.A.SAMSONRamirez 1982) classified P. griseofulvum in Raper &Thom's subsection Fasciculata. However, in manyrespects, such as the complicated conidiophores, thedivergent branches and the small metulae and phialidesP. griseofulvum differs strongly from thesection Viridicata and other series in Expansa. In factP. griseofulvum and P. dipodomyicola representsunique species without very close relationships withother species. The three-to five-or more-stagebranchedconidiophores are however, slightly reminiscentof P. chrysogenum. Penicillin production addsfurther to the similarity between these series. P.griseofulvum differs from the Chrysogena in producingsynnematous conidiophores, which are morecomplicated and irregular in structure. Moreover P.griseofulvum and P. dipodomyicola are also distinguishedfrom the Chrysogena by the very smallphialides and metulae.The series Urticicolae, as delimited here is restrictedto only two closely related species, P. griseofulvumand P. dipodomyicola. The series Urticicolaeis placed in section Expansa because of the stronglyellipsoidal smooth-waled conidia, the synnemata andthe production of patulin. The two species differ fromseries Expansa by their inability to use creatine assole N-source and their very short phialides. Bothspecies produce griseofulvin, cyclopiazonic acid andpatulinP. griseofulvum and P. dipodomyicola have mostoften been found on dry cereals and seeds. Bothspecies are distinct, however, as P. dipodomyicolaproduce predominantly bi- to rarely ter-verticillatestructures while P. griseofulvum has ter- to quarterverticillatestructures. Each species consistentlyproduce other species specific extrolites (Frisvad andFiltenborg, 1989; Svendsen and Frisvad, 1994;Smedsgaard and Frisvad, 1997).The ex type cultures of P. patulum (NRRL 994),P. urticae (CBS 384.48) and P. flexuosum (CBS124.14) were inseparable from P. griseofulvum.Fig 14. Conidiophores and conidia of P. clavigerumSeries Claviformia Raper & Thom ex Stolk, Samson& Frisvad, Int. Mod. Con. Pen. Asp. Clas.:132, 1990Type species: P. vulpinumAccepted species:P. clavigerum Demelius, Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien72: 74, 1922.Neotype: IMI 039807Fig. 15. Conidiophores and conidia of (A) P. coprophilumand (B). P. coprobium22