Honeybee Production and Marketing Systems, Constraints - IPMS ...

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Appendix 7.4 Requirement of honey for grading according to Ethiopian conditionNo Characteristics Requirements1 Moisture content % by mass max 211 Apparent reducing sugar (as invert sugar), % by mass min. 652 Apparent sucrose content % by mass, max. 53 Water insoluble content % by mass max. 0.14 Mineral content (ash), % by mass max 0.65 Acidity mill equivalents acid per kg 406 Diastase activity, 1% starch solution hydrolyzed by the enzyme in1 gram of honey in hour at 40 o c, min. 37 Hydroxymethyl furfural content mg/kg 40Source: Quality and Standard Authority of Ethiopia95
Appendix 7.5 Method of Chemical Solution Preparation0.025M sulpheric acid solution: Pipate 0.68ml of concentrated sulpheric acid and diluteit to 500ml with distilled water0.05M NaOH solution: Accurately weigh 1gm of NaOH and dilute it to 500ml withdistilled waterCarrez solution I: dissolve 15 g of potassium hexacyanoferrate (II), K4Fe (CN) 6.3H2Oin water and make up to 100 ml.Carrez solution II: dilute 30 g of zinc acetate, Zn (CH 3 .COO)2.2H 2 O and make up to100 ml. Sodium bisulphite solution 0.20 g/100 g: dissolve 0.20 g of solid sodiumhydrogen sulphite NaHSO3, (metabisulphite, Na2S2O5), in water and dilute to 100 ml.Prepare fresh daily.Sodium chloride solution: dissolve 2.9 g of sodium chloride in water and dilute to 100ml.Acetate buffer solution (pH 5.3): dissolve 43.5g of sodium acetate (CH3.COONa.3H2O) in water, adjust the pH of the solution to 5.3 with about 5 ml of glacial acetic acidand dilute to 250 ml with water.Starch solution:Determination of starch dry weight: Spread approximately 2 g of air dry soluble starch ina thin layer over the bottom of a weighing bottle (diameter 5 cm, height 3 cm) with a lid.Weigh accurately (± 0.1 mg) and dry for 90 minutes at 130°C.Allow the closed weighing bottle to cool for about 1 hour in a desiccator and re-weighaccurately.Soxhlet’s modification of Fehling’s solution:Solution A: dissolve 69.28 g of Copper sulphate pentahydrate (CuSO 4 .5H 2 O in water,MW = 249.71) and make up to 1000 ml. Keep one day before titration.96
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Honeybee Production and Marketing S
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DEDICATIONThis thesis is dedicated
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONSACSIAMPANRSBoA
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSAbove all, thanks t
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LIST OF FIGURESFigure 2: Traditiona
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONSACKNOWLEDGEMEN
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Appendix 7.2 Honeybee Floras of Bur
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1. INTRODUCTIONAfrica is blessed wi
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Recently, different beekeeping deve
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2. LITERATURE REVIEW2.1 Origin and
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Beekeeping up to 1500 AD continued
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this characteristic allows their su
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people to look more deeply at the f
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2002). Among these A.m. monticlola
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hives, environmental conditions and
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give higher yield and quality honey
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Honeybee is also believed to play a
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properties of Ethiopian honey were
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An introduction of improved hives a
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3.1.2 Topography, Altitude and Clim
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• Honey production and marketing
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homogenized honey samples. The refr
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The absorbance of the sample soluti
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W 2 = weight (g) of honey sampleY 2
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economically active age groups and
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4.1.4 Livestock holdings and purpos
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4.1.6 Availability of creditsAccord
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4.2 Beekeeping practicesUnder this
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4.2.1.2 Top bar hive beekeepingAcco
Page 59 and 60: 4.2.2 Reason for involvement in bee
Page 61 and 62: Table 9: Criteria to select an apia
Page 63 and 64: service shouldered on Bureau of Agr
Page 65 and 66: Generally, top bar and moveable fra
Page 67 and 68: 4.2.8 Beekeeping trainingFrom this
Page 69 and 70: 4.2.10 Incidence of absconding and
Page 71 and 72: indigenous knowledge, further resea
Page 73 and 74: Figure 5: Colony marketing in Bure
Page 75 and 76: form of top-bar hive may be one ste
Page 77 and 78: gourd (10.8%) and animal skin (2.5%
Page 79 and 80: colonies are not placed nearby sour
Page 81 and 82: Table 22: Major enemies of bees in
Page 83 and 84: Table 23: Indigenous knowledge of b
Page 85 and 86: Table 24: Percent distribution of u
Page 87 and 88: There was price variations based on
Page 89 and 90: our country the acceptable HMF is b
Page 91 and 92: Table 27: Physiochemical component
Page 93 and 94: Generally, top bar and moveable fra
Page 95 and 96: Table 29 Major constraints of beeke
Page 97 and 98: More over improving and encouraging
Page 99 and 100: 6 REFERENCESAdebabay kebede, Kerale
Page 101 and 102: honeybee (A. mellifera L.) disease
Page 103 and 104: Martin, E.C. 1976. The use of bees
Page 105 and 106: 7 APPENDIXAppendix 7.1 Map of the s
Page 107 and 108: Amharic Scientific name Floral cale
Page 109: Appendix 7.3 Relationship of water
Page 113 and 114: Appendix 7.6 Honey quality laborato
Page 115 and 116: 2. Crop Production2.1 Landholding (
Page 117 and 118: 4. Credit Sources and Availability4
Page 119 and 120: 5.1.10.2. If there is a decrease in
Page 121 and 122: 5.1.17. What are the major advantag
Page 123 and 124: 5.3. Beekeeping equipments and prot
Page 125 and 126: 1. Removal of queen cells 1.Yes ___
Page 127 and 128: 5.4.17. What are the sale prices of
Page 129 and 130: 7.1. Do you sale your honey? 1. Yes
Page 131: 8. Constraints of beekeeping8.1. Wh
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