Honeybee Production and Marketing Systems, Constraints - IPMS ...

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The entire sample respondents have no experience of using hired labor for beekeeping activitiesand this is mainly because of presence of sufficient family labor (88.3%). Moreover, thoserespondents which lack family labor also have no experience of using hired labor due to highwage of daily laborer (9.2%), no labor for hiring (1.7%) and shortage of daily laborer (0.8%).Generally, from this finding, it can be learnt that all family members are directly or indirectlyinvolved in beekeeping activities. Concerning the roles of women in relation to beekeepingactivities, the respondents replied that women are involved in hive making, plastering andsmoking hives, colony transferring, assist during honey harvesting, storage, processing andmarketing of hive products. However, the sample respondents agreed that on participation ofwomen in beekeeping activities to be very low mainly because of fear of bee stings and lack ofexperience (Table 18).Table 18: Gender differentiation or role of the family members in beekeeping activitiesTotal sample (n=120)Family member participation (percent)Colony inspection Children Adult male Adult female Adult maleand femaleAllfamilyColony selection 5.0 88.3 1.7 4.2 0.8Hive making 3.3 87.5 2.5 3.3 3.3Hive sanitation 7.5 42.5 1.7 40 8.3Colony transferring 4.3 64.7 2.6 24.1 4.3Honey harvesting 5.0 61.7 1.7 30.8 0.8Honey processing 1.1 50.0 5.7 39.8 3.4Honey transport 2.5 16.7 15.0 58.3 7.5Honey storage 0.9 21.4 50.4 27.4 -Honey selling 1.7 29.2 8.5 60.8 -Wax extraction 4.5 34.1 17.0 39.8 4.5Use of income - 8.3 2.5 48.3 40.8Get credit 5.1 37.6 4.5 50.4 2.8Use of credit - 2.8 1.8 51.4 44.0Total 100 100 100 100 100In this study, there was no strong cultural taboo that prohibits women from undertakingbeekeeping activities. But, according to some beekeepers, women are not allowed to visit theapiary during menstrual period. Generally, provision of practical training, protective cloth,beekeeping accessories and introducing affordable and appropriate beekeeping technology in the60
form of top-bar hive may be one step towards promoting the role of women in beekeepingdevelopment. In addition, placing of hives at suitable location for women has to be developedand tested with users at local condition (Adebabay et al, 2008).4.2.15 Honey production and seasonThe amount of honey produced from one bee hive per year varies from places to places, which inmost cases is determined by the existences of plenty pollen and nectar source plants and the levelof management & input. The maximum amount of honey harvested from traditional, top bar andframe hive were 16, 18 kg and 25 kg respectively and the minimum records from all three typeof hives in the study areas were 3 kg, 7 kg and 8kg (Table 19). These results are indicators of theexistence of room for increasing performances of these beehives through good managementpractices coupled with favorable beekeeping environment. This also notes us that we are stillbellow the line of productivity what the beekeeping industry can perform. Based on the results ofthe current study, the average amount of honey harvested from traditional, top bar and framehive were 8.94 kg, 10.66 kg and 15.56 kg per hive respectively (Table 19). The honey valueobtained from traditional hive is higher than the national average yield (5 kg) and the resultreported by Workneh et al., (2007) that states the average amount of honey harvested pertraditional hive in West, South West and North Shewa zones to be 6.2 kg.Table 19: Average Productivity of different hivesTotal sample (n=120)Hive Types Min. Max. Mean S.DTraditional hive 3.00 16.00 8.94 2.84137Topbar hive 7.00 18.00 10.66 3.98330Modern hive 8.00 25.00 15.56 4.38584The sample respondents reported to harvest their honey in one distinct harvesting season, that is,from October to December (Table 20). Based on the results of this study, in the district honeywas harvested once or twice, and in some cases even three times which indicates the presence ofhigh potentiality of the area (Table 20). Of the total respondent beekeepers, 22.0%, 42.5% and44.7% reported that they harvest honey only once in a given production year from traditional, top61
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Honeybee Production and Marketing S
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DEDICATIONThis thesis is dedicated
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONSACSIAMPANRSBoA
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSAbove all, thanks t
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LIST OF FIGURESFigure 2: Traditiona
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONSACKNOWLEDGEMEN
Page 13 and 14:
Appendix 7.2 Honeybee Floras of Bur
Page 15 and 16:
1. INTRODUCTIONAfrica is blessed wi
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Recently, different beekeeping deve
Page 19 and 20:
2. LITERATURE REVIEW2.1 Origin and
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Beekeeping up to 1500 AD continued
Page 23 and 24: this characteristic allows their su
Page 25 and 26: people to look more deeply at the f
Page 27 and 28: 2002). Among these A.m. monticlola
Page 29 and 30: hives, environmental conditions and
Page 31 and 32: give higher yield and quality honey
Page 33 and 34: Honeybee is also believed to play a
Page 35 and 36: properties of Ethiopian honey were
Page 37 and 38: An introduction of improved hives a
Page 39 and 40: 3.1.2 Topography, Altitude and Clim
Page 41 and 42: • Honey production and marketing
Page 43 and 44: homogenized honey samples. The refr
Page 45 and 46: The absorbance of the sample soluti
Page 47 and 48: W 2 = weight (g) of honey sampleY 2
Page 49 and 50: economically active age groups and
Page 51 and 52: 4.1.4 Livestock holdings and purpos
Page 53 and 54: 4.1.6 Availability of creditsAccord
Page 55 and 56: 4.2 Beekeeping practicesUnder this
Page 57 and 58: 4.2.1.2 Top bar hive beekeepingAcco
Page 59 and 60: 4.2.2 Reason for involvement in bee
Page 61 and 62: Table 9: Criteria to select an apia
Page 63 and 64: service shouldered on Bureau of Agr
Page 65 and 66: Generally, top bar and moveable fra
Page 67 and 68: 4.2.8 Beekeeping trainingFrom this
Page 69 and 70: 4.2.10 Incidence of absconding and
Page 71 and 72: indigenous knowledge, further resea
Page 73: Figure 5: Colony marketing in Bure
Page 77 and 78: gourd (10.8%) and animal skin (2.5%
Page 79 and 80: colonies are not placed nearby sour
Page 81 and 82: Table 22: Major enemies of bees in
Page 83 and 84: Table 23: Indigenous knowledge of b
Page 85 and 86: Table 24: Percent distribution of u
Page 87 and 88: There was price variations based on
Page 89 and 90: our country the acceptable HMF is b
Page 91 and 92: Table 27: Physiochemical component
Page 93 and 94: Generally, top bar and moveable fra
Page 95 and 96: Table 29 Major constraints of beeke
Page 97 and 98: More over improving and encouraging
Page 99 and 100: 6 REFERENCESAdebabay kebede, Kerale
Page 101 and 102: honeybee (A. mellifera L.) disease
Page 103 and 104: Martin, E.C. 1976. The use of bees
Page 105 and 106: 7 APPENDIXAppendix 7.1 Map of the s
Page 107 and 108: Amharic Scientific name Floral cale
Page 109 and 110: Appendix 7.3 Relationship of water
Page 111 and 112: Appendix 7.5 Method of Chemical Sol
Page 113 and 114: Appendix 7.6 Honey quality laborato
Page 115 and 116: 2. Crop Production2.1 Landholding (
Page 117 and 118: 4. Credit Sources and Availability4
Page 119 and 120: 5.1.10.2. If there is a decrease in
Page 121 and 122: 5.1.17. What are the major advantag
Page 123 and 124: 5.3. Beekeeping equipments and prot
Page 125 and 126:
1. Removal of queen cells 1.Yes ___
Page 127 and 128:
5.4.17. What are the sale prices of
Page 129 and 130:
7.1. Do you sale your honey? 1. Yes
Page 131:
8. Constraints of beekeeping8.1. Wh
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