Honeybee Production and Marketing Systems, Constraints - IPMS ...

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manifested with rain fall distribution (16.0%), pesticide and herbicide application (11.8%), lackof water (10.9%), poor management (9.2%)(Table 16).On the other hand, 34.0%, 33.3% and 39.0% in traditional, intermediate and modern hiverespectively of the respondents have replied that the trends of bee products in the given yearshave increased. These respondents assumed the increased trend of bee products to be getting ofadditional colonies, adoption of improved beekeeping practices and aforestation programs. Onthe other hand, 22.6%, 66.7% and 5.1% in traditional, intermediate and modern hive respectivelyof the respondents perceived the trend to be constant.From this we can conclude that in Bure district honeybee products production was in adecreasing trend due to shortage of bee forages, drought, pesticides and herbicide application,lack of water and poor management in order of importance.Table 16: Reason for decreasing trend of hive product and colonyTotal sample (n=120)Problems %Lack of bee forage 17.6Lack of water 10.9Drought 16.0Absconding 4.2Pest and predator 5.9Disease 3.4Pesticide and herbicide application 11.8Death of colony 4.2Increase price of honey 1.7Increase cost of production .8Lack of credit 2.5Bad weather 11.8Poor management 9.2Total 100.054
4.2.10 Incidence of absconding and migrationHoneybee colonies abandoned their hives at any season of the year for different reasons.According to the response of the respondents, 75.0 % of absconding incidence of honeybeecolonies was recorded in traditional hives. The incidence from top bar and frame hives were 5%and 20% respectively. Regarding the types of honeybee colony Wanzie, (52.5%) abscondsfrequently followed by Shanko (47.5%).The reported reasons for absconding of bee colonies as indicated by respondents were lack ofbee forage (25.3%), incidence of pests and predators (18.4%), bee poisoning (14.9%), badweather condition (13.8%), bee diseases (11.5%), poor management (9.2%) and swarming(6.9%). The mean number of bee colony absconded in the sample respondents was 2.60 perhousehold with a minimum of 1 colony and maximum of 8 bee colonies.According to the respondents, migration of bee colonies occurred from March to May ranks first(63.3%) followed by June to August (26.7%), September to November (5.6%) and December toFebruary (4.4%). From the results of this survey, one can associate the cause of migration fromMarch to May (63.3%) with lack or scarcity of bee forage, which has contributed about 25.3% ofthe share from the reasons of migration.On average due to absconding a beekeeper looses 2.60 colonies per household multiplied by117.50 birr (mean price of a colony during the study year, 2008/9 gives 305.50 ETB perproduction year per household and mean yield from three hives is 11.7kg multiplied by meanprice of honey 19.16 birr gives 582.84 birr losses from 2.6 colonies per year per household.Therefore, every beekeeper should get basic training on colony management factors to the extentof reducing absconding and migration rate. To reduce and control migration, respondentbeekeepers exercises different traditional and improved ways of migration control likesupplementary feeding (26.7%), smoking hive with local attractant material like Zekakebe,Keberch, Woyra, Bedesa, Lole, Yemesrch, Tegsar, and Dengay saber (22.2%), frequentinspection (15.6%), transferring of colonies to other hives (14.4%), cleaning apiary (14.4%),55
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Honeybee Production and Marketing S
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DEDICATIONThis thesis is dedicated
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONSACSIAMPANRSBoA
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSAbove all, thanks t
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LIST OF FIGURESFigure 2: Traditiona
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONSACKNOWLEDGEMEN
Page 13 and 14:
Appendix 7.2 Honeybee Floras of Bur
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1. INTRODUCTIONAfrica is blessed wi
Page 17 and 18: Recently, different beekeeping deve
Page 19 and 20: 2. LITERATURE REVIEW2.1 Origin and
Page 21 and 22: Beekeeping up to 1500 AD continued
Page 23 and 24: this characteristic allows their su
Page 25 and 26: people to look more deeply at the f
Page 27 and 28: 2002). Among these A.m. monticlola
Page 29 and 30: hives, environmental conditions and
Page 31 and 32: give higher yield and quality honey
Page 33 and 34: Honeybee is also believed to play a
Page 35 and 36: properties of Ethiopian honey were
Page 37 and 38: An introduction of improved hives a
Page 39 and 40: 3.1.2 Topography, Altitude and Clim
Page 41 and 42: • Honey production and marketing
Page 43 and 44: homogenized honey samples. The refr
Page 45 and 46: The absorbance of the sample soluti
Page 47 and 48: W 2 = weight (g) of honey sampleY 2
Page 49 and 50: economically active age groups and
Page 51 and 52: 4.1.4 Livestock holdings and purpos
Page 53 and 54: 4.1.6 Availability of creditsAccord
Page 55 and 56: 4.2 Beekeeping practicesUnder this
Page 57 and 58: 4.2.1.2 Top bar hive beekeepingAcco
Page 59 and 60: 4.2.2 Reason for involvement in bee
Page 61 and 62: Table 9: Criteria to select an apia
Page 63 and 64: service shouldered on Bureau of Agr
Page 65 and 66: Generally, top bar and moveable fra
Page 67: 4.2.8 Beekeeping trainingFrom this
Page 71 and 72: indigenous knowledge, further resea
Page 73 and 74: Figure 5: Colony marketing in Bure
Page 75 and 76: form of top-bar hive may be one ste
Page 77 and 78: gourd (10.8%) and animal skin (2.5%
Page 79 and 80: colonies are not placed nearby sour
Page 81 and 82: Table 22: Major enemies of bees in
Page 83 and 84: Table 23: Indigenous knowledge of b
Page 85 and 86: Table 24: Percent distribution of u
Page 87 and 88: There was price variations based on
Page 89 and 90: our country the acceptable HMF is b
Page 91 and 92: Table 27: Physiochemical component
Page 93 and 94: Generally, top bar and moveable fra
Page 95 and 96: Table 29 Major constraints of beeke
Page 97 and 98: More over improving and encouraging
Page 99 and 100: 6 REFERENCESAdebabay kebede, Kerale
Page 101 and 102: honeybee (A. mellifera L.) disease
Page 103 and 104: Martin, E.C. 1976. The use of bees
Page 105 and 106: 7 APPENDIXAppendix 7.1 Map of the s
Page 107 and 108: Amharic Scientific name Floral cale
Page 109 and 110: Appendix 7.3 Relationship of water
Page 111 and 112: Appendix 7.5 Method of Chemical Sol
Page 113 and 114: Appendix 7.6 Honey quality laborato
Page 115 and 116: 2. Crop Production2.1 Landholding (
Page 117 and 118: 4. Credit Sources and Availability4
Page 119 and 120:
5.1.10.2. If there is a decrease in
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5.1.17. What are the major advantag
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5.3. Beekeeping equipments and prot
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1. Removal of queen cells 1.Yes ___
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5.4.17. What are the sale prices of
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7.1. Do you sale your honey? 1. Yes
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8. Constraints of beekeeping8.1. Wh
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