Honeybee Production and Marketing Systems, Constraints - IPMS ...

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Table 26: Physiochemical component values of honey samples (1)VariableAgro ecologyNMoisture (%) Ash (%) Acidity (meq/kg) pHRange Mean (± SD) S Range Mean (± SD) NS Range Mean (± SD) NS Range Mean (± SD) NSDega 6 16.7 – 19.8 18.0(± 0.4) ab 0.18 – 0.30 0.25(± 0.01) 20.3 – 31.3 28.06(± 4.10) 2.72 -4.58 3.71(± 0.66)Woina Dega 6 16.1 – 21.7 17.7(± 0.8) a 0.20 – 0.46 0.31(± 0.04) 25.6 – 35.0 30.35(± 4.08) 2.67 – 3.97 3.52((± 0.45)Kolla 6 16.8 – 23.3 19.6(± 1.0) ab 0.14 – 0.37 0.26(± 0.03) 21.3 – 32.0 27.70(± 4.03) 2.62 – 4.20 3.51(± 0.69)Market 3 19.2 – 22.4 20.8(± 0.9) bc 0.15 – 0.38 0.24(± 0.06) 21.6 – 35.3 29.63(± 7.15) 2.49 - 3.84 3.23(± 0.68)Mean 16.1 – 23.3 18.8(± 0.4) 0.14 – 0.46 0.27(± 0.01) 20.3 – 35.3 28.83(± 4.35) 2.49 – 4.58 3.53(± 0.59)Hive typeLocal hive 6 16.7 – 22.7 18.6(± 1.0) ab 0.14 – 0.37 0.25(± 0.03) 21.3 – 31.3 28.25(±3.90) 2.68 – 4.20 3.53(±0.67 )Top bar hive 6 16.6 – 23.3 19.3(± 0.5) ab 0.22 – 0.37 0.29(± 0.02) 25.0 – 34.3 30.18(± 3.46) 2.62 – 4.00 3.53(±0.50 )Frame hive 6 16.1 – 18.9 17.4(± 0.4) a 0.20 – 0.46 0.28(± 0.03) 20.3 – 35.0 27.68(± 4.84) 2.67 – 4.58 3.68(±0.67)Market 3 19.2 – 22.4 20.8(± 0.9) b 0.15 – 0.38 0.24(± 0.06) 21.6 – 35.3 29.63(± 7.15) 2.49 – 3.84 3.23(±0.68)Mean 14.6 – 25.0 18.2(± 0.2) 0.14 – 0.46 0.27(± 0.01) 20.3 – 35.3 28.83(± 4.35) 2.49 – 4.58 3.53(± 0.59)Source: Collected honey samples (laboratory analysis result)N = Number of cases, S = Significant, NS = Non significant (p > 0.05), SD = St<strong>and</strong>ard divation of mean, meq = Milliequivalent• Within column means followed by the different letter(s) differ significantly (p < 0.05)76
Table 27: Physiochemical component values of honey samples (2)VariableAgro ecologyNHMF (mg/kg) Diastase (Goth scale) Reducing sugar(meq/kg) Apparent sucrose (%)Range Mean (± SD) NS Range Mean (± SD) NS Range Mean (± SD) s Range Mean(± SD) NSDega 6 36.84 – 41.11 38.69(± 1.65) 4.4 –15.7 10.33(± 4.78) 64.3 – 67.6 65.25(± 1.21) ab 0.50 – 3.05 1.81(±1.08)Woina Dega 6 36.06 – 40.67 38.34(± 1.72) 5.2 – 10.6 7.66(± 2.15) 65.3 – 70.6 67.63(± 2.12) a 0.50 – 2.69 1.68(± 1.68)Kolla 6 34.00 – 40.44 38.22(± 2.22) 4.1 – 12.6 7.66(± 3.18) 65.2 - 69.9 66.91(± 1.73) ab 0.38 – 3.09 1.81(± 1.13)Market 3 38.06 – 40.85 39.30(± 1.41) 9.3 – 12.6 11.16(± 1.69) 56.7 – 66.9 60.53(± 5.50) bc 0.18 – 1.61 0.95(± 0.72)Mean 34.00 – 41.11 38.55(± 1.73) 4.1 – 15.7 8.92(± 3.46) 56.7 – 70.6 65.73(± 3.30) 0.18 – 3.09 1.65(± 0.94)Hive typeLocal hive 6 34.00 – 41.11 38.38(± 2.43) 4.4 – 15.7 8.41(± 4.59) 64.3 – 67.6 65.81(±1.36) ab 0.38 – 2.35 1.28(±0.81)Top bar hive 6 38.00 – 40.67 39.44(± 1.08) 4.1 – 10.4 6.91(± 2.37) 65.3 – 69.9 67.2(± 1.84) a 0.50 – 3.09 1.95(±0.95)Frame hive 6 36.06 – 39.32 37.47(± 1.12) 6.2 – 15.7 10.33(± 3.09) 64.6 – 70.6 66.78(± 2.46) ab 0.50 – 3.05 2.07(±0.98)Market 3 38.06 – 40.85 39.30(± 1.41) 9.3 – 12.6 11.16(± 1.69) 56.7 – 66.9 60.53(± 5.55) b 0.18 – 1.61 0.95(±0.72)Mean 34.00 – 41.11 38.55(± 1.73) 4.1 – 15.7 8.92(± 3.46) 56.7 – 70.6 65.73(± 3.30) 0.18 – 3.09 1.65(± 0.94)Source: Collected honey samples (laboratory analysis result)N = Number of cases, S = Significant, NS = Non significant (p > 0.05), SD = St<strong>and</strong>ard divation of mean, meq = Milliequivalent• Within column means followed by the different letter(s) differ significantly (p < 0.05)77
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Honeybee Production and Marketing S
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DEDICATIONThis thesis is dedicated
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONSACSIAMPANRSBoA
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSAbove all, thanks t
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LIST OF FIGURESFigure 2: Traditiona
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONSACKNOWLEDGEMEN
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Appendix 7.2 Honeybee Floras of Bur
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1. INTRODUCTIONAfrica is blessed wi
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Recently, different beekeeping deve
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2. LITERATURE REVIEW2.1 Origin and
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Beekeeping up to 1500 AD continued
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this characteristic allows their su
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people to look more deeply at the f
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2002). Among these A.m. monticlola
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hives, environmental conditions and
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give higher yield and quality honey
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Honeybee is also believed to play a
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properties of Ethiopian honey were
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An introduction of improved hives a
Page 39 and 40: 3.1.2 Topography, Altitude and Clim
Page 41 and 42: • Honey production and marketing
Page 43 and 44: homogenized honey samples. The refr
Page 45 and 46: The absorbance of the sample soluti
Page 47 and 48: W 2 = weight (g) of honey sampleY 2
Page 49 and 50: economically active age groups and
Page 51 and 52: 4.1.4 Livestock holdings and purpos
Page 53 and 54: 4.1.6 Availability of creditsAccord
Page 55 and 56: 4.2 Beekeeping practicesUnder this
Page 57 and 58: 4.2.1.2 Top bar hive beekeepingAcco
Page 59 and 60: 4.2.2 Reason for involvement in bee
Page 61 and 62: Table 9: Criteria to select an apia
Page 63 and 64: service shouldered on Bureau of Agr
Page 65 and 66: Generally, top bar and moveable fra
Page 67 and 68: 4.2.8 Beekeeping trainingFrom this
Page 69 and 70: 4.2.10 Incidence of absconding and
Page 71 and 72: indigenous knowledge, further resea
Page 73 and 74: Figure 5: Colony marketing in Bure
Page 75 and 76: form of top-bar hive may be one ste
Page 77 and 78: gourd (10.8%) and animal skin (2.5%
Page 79 and 80: colonies are not placed nearby sour
Page 81 and 82: Table 22: Major enemies of bees in
Page 83 and 84: Table 23: Indigenous knowledge of b
Page 85 and 86: Table 24: Percent distribution of u
Page 87 and 88: There was price variations based on
Page 89: our country the acceptable HMF is b
Page 93 and 94: Generally, top bar and moveable fra
Page 95 and 96: Table 29 Major constraints of beeke
Page 97 and 98: More over improving and encouraging
Page 99 and 100: 6 REFERENCESAdebabay kebede, Kerale
Page 101 and 102: honeybee (A. mellifera L.) disease
Page 103 and 104: Martin, E.C. 1976. The use of bees
Page 105 and 106: 7 APPENDIXAppendix 7.1 Map of the s
Page 107 and 108: Amharic Scientific name Floral cale
Page 109 and 110: Appendix 7.3 Relationship of water
Page 111 and 112: Appendix 7.5 Method of Chemical Sol
Page 113 and 114: Appendix 7.6 Honey quality laborato
Page 115 and 116: 2. Crop Production2.1 Landholding (
Page 117 and 118: 4. Credit Sources and Availability4
Page 119 and 120: 5.1.10.2. If there is a decrease in
Page 121 and 122: 5.1.17. What are the major advantag
Page 123 and 124: 5.3. Beekeeping equipments and prot
Page 125 and 126: 1. Removal of queen cells 1.Yes ___
Page 127 and 128: 5.4.17. What are the sale prices of
Page 129 and 130: 7.1. Do you sale your honey? 1. Yes
Page 131: 8. Constraints of beekeeping8.1. Wh
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