Honeybee Production and Marketing Systems, Constraints - IPMS ...

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3.2.4.2 Mineral (ash) Content 293.2.4.3 pH and Free Acidity: 303.2.4.4 Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) 303.2.4.5 Diastase Activity 313.2.4.6 Reducing Sugar 323.2.4.7 Apparent Sucrose 333.3 Data Management and Statistical Analysis 334. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 344.1 Socio- Economic Characteristics of Households 344.1.1 Household characteristics 344.1.3 Educational status of the family heads 364.1.4 Livestock holdings and purpose of keeping 374.1.5 Involvement of sample respondents in off-farm activities 384.1.6 Availability of credits 394.2 Beekeeping practices 414.2.1 Practices of beekeeping in Bure district 414.2.1.1 Local or traditional beekeeping 414.2.1.2 Top bar hive beekeeping 434.2.1.3 Moveable frame hive beekeeping practice 444.2.2 Reason for involvement in beekeeping and experiences in beekeeping 454.2.3 Source of foundation colony and apiary site 464.2.4 Honeybee colony holdings and service years of the hives 474.2.5 Distribution and comparison of traditional, top bar and frame hives 484.2.6 Beekeeping equipment 504.2.7 Honeybees and their behaviors as described by farmers 524.2.8 Beekeeping training 534.2.9 Trends of Honeybee products production in Bure district 534.2.10 Incidence of absconding and migration 554.2.11 Incidence of Reproductive Swarming 564.2.12 Control of reproductive swarming 564.2.13 Inspection of honeybee colonies 574.2.14 Colony marketing and labor sources 584.2.15 Honey production and season 614.2.16 Storage (Packing) Practices of honey in Bure District 624.2.17 Honeybee Feeding and Flora Condition 634.2.19 Honeybee Pests, Predators and Diseases 654.2.20 Indigenous Knowledge of Beekeeping 684.3 Processing and Marketing of hive products in Bure District 704.4 Honey Quality in Bure District 744.5 Constraints and Opportunities of Beekeeping 785 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMENDATION 816 REFERENCES 847 APPENDIX 90Appendix 7.1 Map of the study area 90ix
Appendix 7.2 Honeybee Floras of Bure District 91Appendix 7.3 Relationship of water content of honey to refractive index 94Appendix 7.4 Requirement of honey for grading according to Ethiopian condition 95Appendix 7.5 Method of Chemical Solution Preparation 96Appendix 7.6 Honey quality laboratory analysis 98Appendix 7.7 Questionnaire used in the study 99x
Page 1 and 2: Honeybee Production and Marketing S
Page 3 and 4: DEDICATIONThis thesis is dedicated
Page 5 and 6: LIST OF ABBREVIATIONSACSIAMPANRSBoA
Page 7 and 8: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSAbove all, thanks t
Page 9 and 10: LIST OF FIGURESFigure 2: Traditiona
Page 11: LIST OF ABBREVIATIONSACKNOWLEDGEMEN
Page 15 and 16: 1. INTRODUCTIONAfrica is blessed wi
Page 17 and 18: Recently, different beekeeping deve
Page 19 and 20: 2. LITERATURE REVIEW2.1 Origin and
Page 21 and 22: Beekeeping up to 1500 AD continued
Page 23 and 24: this characteristic allows their su
Page 25 and 26: people to look more deeply at the f
Page 27 and 28: 2002). Among these A.m. monticlola
Page 29 and 30: hives, environmental conditions and
Page 31 and 32: give higher yield and quality honey
Page 33 and 34: Honeybee is also believed to play a
Page 35 and 36: properties of Ethiopian honey were
Page 37 and 38: An introduction of improved hives a
Page 39 and 40: 3.1.2 Topography, Altitude and Clim
Page 41 and 42: • Honey production and marketing
Page 43 and 44: homogenized honey samples. The refr
Page 45 and 46: The absorbance of the sample soluti
Page 47 and 48: W 2 = weight (g) of honey sampleY 2
Page 49 and 50: economically active age groups and
Page 51 and 52: 4.1.4 Livestock holdings and purpos
Page 53 and 54: 4.1.6 Availability of creditsAccord
Page 55 and 56: 4.2 Beekeeping practicesUnder this
Page 57 and 58: 4.2.1.2 Top bar hive beekeepingAcco
Page 59 and 60: 4.2.2 Reason for involvement in bee
Page 61 and 62: Table 9: Criteria to select an apia
Page 63 and 64:
service shouldered on Bureau of Agr
Page 65 and 66:
Generally, top bar and moveable fra
Page 67 and 68:
4.2.8 Beekeeping trainingFrom this
Page 69 and 70:
4.2.10 Incidence of absconding and
Page 71 and 72:
indigenous knowledge, further resea
Page 73 and 74:
Figure 5: Colony marketing in Bure
Page 75 and 76:
form of top-bar hive may be one ste
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gourd (10.8%) and animal skin (2.5%
Page 79 and 80:
colonies are not placed nearby sour
Page 81 and 82:
Table 22: Major enemies of bees in
Page 83 and 84:
Table 23: Indigenous knowledge of b
Page 85 and 86:
Table 24: Percent distribution of u
Page 87 and 88:
There was price variations based on
Page 89 and 90:
our country the acceptable HMF is b
Page 91 and 92:
Table 27: Physiochemical component
Page 93 and 94:
Generally, top bar and moveable fra
Page 95 and 96:
Table 29 Major constraints of beeke
Page 97 and 98:
More over improving and encouraging
Page 99 and 100:
6 REFERENCESAdebabay kebede, Kerale
Page 101 and 102:
honeybee (A. mellifera L.) disease
Page 103 and 104:
Martin, E.C. 1976. The use of bees
Page 105 and 106:
7 APPENDIXAppendix 7.1 Map of the s
Page 107 and 108:
Amharic Scientific name Floral cale
Page 109 and 110:
Appendix 7.3 Relationship of water
Page 111 and 112:
Appendix 7.5 Method of Chemical Sol
Page 113 and 114:
Appendix 7.6 Honey quality laborato
Page 115 and 116:
2. Crop Production2.1 Landholding (
Page 117 and 118:
4. Credit Sources and Availability4
Page 119 and 120:
5.1.10.2. If there is a decrease in
Page 121 and 122:
5.1.17. What are the major advantag
Page 123 and 124:
5.3. Beekeeping equipments and prot
Page 125 and 126:
1. Removal of queen cells 1.Yes ___
Page 127 and 128:
5.4.17. What are the sale prices of
Page 129 and 130:
7.1. Do you sale your honey? 1. Yes
Page 131:
8. Constraints of beekeeping8.1. Wh
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