Honeybee Production and Marketing Systems, Constraints - IPMS ...

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technological packages (training and improved beekeeping accessories) which should be givendue attention. Low adoption and disseminations of moveable frame bee hive is attributed tomany factors like weak extension services, initial high costs, demand for its own seasonalmanagement techniques and other accessory equipment, poor economic background of thebeekeepers, lack of knowhow, and the like.Table 11: Honeybee colony holdings and service years of the hiveTotal sample (n=120)Type ofNumber of honeybee coloniesService yearshivesMin Max Mean S. D Min Max Mean S. DLocal 0 40 7.75 5.67 2 40.0 14.68 6.52Top bar 0 12 0.17 1.26 15 18.0 16.5 2.12Frame 0 36 3.73 6.06 1 42.0 19.75 9.82S.D = Standard DeviationThe bureau of agriculture was highly optimistic to bring change in honeybee production bydistributing many thousands of moveable frame hives in the year 2005/06. However, it is likelythat this number of hives once installed might have fallen into disuse in the absence of aneffective training and technical support and follow-up system. Most of the development agentspromoting the use of modern beekeeping technologies in the study areas are not well trained onthe management of the hive type. Therefore, there is a need to give them basic training in such away that they can easily understand the technology for its best adaptation and able to deliverytechnical support and services to beekeepers at grass-root level effectively.4.2.5 Distribution and comparison of traditional, top bar and frame hivesAccording to the survey result, distribution and sources of hives, 60% and 20% of samplerespondents replied that they construct traditional and top bar hives respectively, where asBureau of Agriculture and Rural Development is the major supplier and sources (97.1%) offrame hives and 80% top bar (Table 12). From this one can infer that the burden extension48
service shouldered on Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Development. Hence, involvement ofNGO’s and research institutes is vital to hasten the extension service process.Table 12: Distribution of respondents by source of hives (percent)Total sample (n=120)Source of hives Traditional (%) Top bar (%) Modern (%)Constructed by him/her self 60.0 20.0 -Constructed locally and Bought 27.0 - -Bought from market 11.0 - -Supplied by GO on Credit 1.7 80.0 97.1Supplied by GO on free - - -Supplied by NGO on Credit - - 2.9Supplied by NGO on free - - -Total 100 100 100Beekeepers were also asked to compare and contrast the types of hives they are use byconsidering different parameters (Table 13).Table 13: Comparison of different hives types using different parameters (percent)Total sample (n=120)Type of hivesParametersLocal hive TBH Frame hiveV. good Good Poor V. good Good Poor V. good Good PoorCost effectiveness 88.9 0.9 10.3 0.9 95.7 3.5 11.1 1.7 87.2Less dependent onexternal input 85.5 0.9 13.7 1.7 96.5 1.7 13.7 0.9 85.5Convenient to construct 92.3 3.4 4.3 4.3 93.9 1.7 4.3 0.9 94.9Skill of making 65.0 - 35.0 3.5 96.5 - 43.2 1.7 64.1Swarming tendency 40.2 5.1 54.7 12.2 81.7 6.1 50.4 13.7 35.9Suitable to harvest 6.0 3.4 89.7 7.8 91.3 0.9 88.0 5.1 6.8Quality and quantity ofhoney 5.1 1.7 93.2 4.3 94.8 0.9 95.7 3.4 0.9Quantity of wax 89.7 10.3 - 10.4 81.7 7.8 - 6.9 93.1Degree of adoption 75.2 6.0 18.8 10.4 69.6 20.0 13.7 24.8 61.5Hive comfort 6.0 5.1 88.9 10.4 87.0 2.6 87.2 7.7 5.1Durability 7.7 26.5 65.8 5.2 72.2 22.6 88.9 3.4 7.7Easiness to manage 3.4 6.0 90.6 29.6 70.4 - 72.6 23.1 4.3To get more colony 34.2 9.4 56.4 8.7 87.0 4.3 54.7 7.7 37.6Suitable to rear queenartificially - - 100 8.7 91.3 - 93.5 6.5 -Hive maintenance 26.5 5.3 68.1 10.6 89.4 - 64.6 5.3 30.1TBH = Top Bar Hive49
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Honeybee Production and Marketing S
Page 3 and 4:
DEDICATIONThis thesis is dedicated
Page 5 and 6:
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONSACSIAMPANRSBoA
Page 7 and 8:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSAbove all, thanks t
Page 9 and 10:
LIST OF FIGURESFigure 2: Traditiona
Page 11 and 12: LIST OF ABBREVIATIONSACKNOWLEDGEMEN
Page 13 and 14: Appendix 7.2 Honeybee Floras of Bur
Page 15 and 16: 1. INTRODUCTIONAfrica is blessed wi
Page 17 and 18: Recently, different beekeeping deve
Page 19 and 20: 2. LITERATURE REVIEW2.1 Origin and
Page 21 and 22: Beekeeping up to 1500 AD continued
Page 23 and 24: this characteristic allows their su
Page 25 and 26: people to look more deeply at the f
Page 27 and 28: 2002). Among these A.m. monticlola
Page 29 and 30: hives, environmental conditions and
Page 31 and 32: give higher yield and quality honey
Page 33 and 34: Honeybee is also believed to play a
Page 35 and 36: properties of Ethiopian honey were
Page 37 and 38: An introduction of improved hives a
Page 39 and 40: 3.1.2 Topography, Altitude and Clim
Page 41 and 42: • Honey production and marketing
Page 43 and 44: homogenized honey samples. The refr
Page 45 and 46: The absorbance of the sample soluti
Page 47 and 48: W 2 = weight (g) of honey sampleY 2
Page 49 and 50: economically active age groups and
Page 51 and 52: 4.1.4 Livestock holdings and purpos
Page 53 and 54: 4.1.6 Availability of creditsAccord
Page 55 and 56: 4.2 Beekeeping practicesUnder this
Page 57 and 58: 4.2.1.2 Top bar hive beekeepingAcco
Page 59 and 60: 4.2.2 Reason for involvement in bee
Page 61: Table 9: Criteria to select an apia
Page 65 and 66: Generally, top bar and moveable fra
Page 67 and 68: 4.2.8 Beekeeping trainingFrom this
Page 69 and 70: 4.2.10 Incidence of absconding and
Page 71 and 72: indigenous knowledge, further resea
Page 73 and 74: Figure 5: Colony marketing in Bure
Page 75 and 76: form of top-bar hive may be one ste
Page 77 and 78: gourd (10.8%) and animal skin (2.5%
Page 79 and 80: colonies are not placed nearby sour
Page 81 and 82: Table 22: Major enemies of bees in
Page 83 and 84: Table 23: Indigenous knowledge of b
Page 85 and 86: Table 24: Percent distribution of u
Page 87 and 88: There was price variations based on
Page 89 and 90: our country the acceptable HMF is b
Page 91 and 92: Table 27: Physiochemical component
Page 93 and 94: Generally, top bar and moveable fra
Page 95 and 96: Table 29 Major constraints of beeke
Page 97 and 98: More over improving and encouraging
Page 99 and 100: 6 REFERENCESAdebabay kebede, Kerale
Page 101 and 102: honeybee (A. mellifera L.) disease
Page 103 and 104: Martin, E.C. 1976. The use of bees
Page 105 and 106: 7 APPENDIXAppendix 7.1 Map of the s
Page 107 and 108: Amharic Scientific name Floral cale
Page 109 and 110: Appendix 7.3 Relationship of water
Page 111 and 112: Appendix 7.5 Method of Chemical Sol
Page 113 and 114:
Appendix 7.6 Honey quality laborato
Page 115 and 116:
2. Crop Production2.1 Landholding (
Page 117 and 118:
4. Credit Sources and Availability4
Page 119 and 120:
5.1.10.2. If there is a decrease in
Page 121 and 122:
5.1.17. What are the major advantag
Page 123 and 124:
5.3. Beekeeping equipments and prot
Page 125 and 126:
1. Removal of queen cells 1.Yes ___
Page 127 and 128:
5.4.17. What are the sale prices of
Page 129 and 130:
7.1. Do you sale your honey? 1. Yes
Page 131:
8. Constraints of beekeeping8.1. Wh
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