Honeybee Production and Marketing Systems, Constraints - IPMS ...

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Knipscheer, 1989). So far in Burie district there is no compiled and reliable information onhoney production and marketing system. The numbers of beekeepers, bee colonies, and amountof honey produced, type of beekeeping practiced, and constraints were not known. Therefore,this study was conducted to collect information on production system, productivity, marketing,bee flora and constraints of beekeeping in Burie district. Thus, it is timely and relevant to assessand document important information on the subsector, which has not been yet carried out beforein Bure district.The significance of the study is to improve our understanding of honey production and marketingsystems, useful to develop appropriate beekeeping development strategy plan and indicate futureresearch areas for those who would like to conduct researches on beekeeping. Moreover, the datamay be used as secondary data for researchers and any interested parties working in the studyarea.The overall objectives of this research is to increase the understanding of the constraints facingbeekeeping sub-sector opportunities by assessing the overall beekeeping, honey production,honey quality and marketing system in order to identify what kind of policy, technology,institutional, infrastructural, organizational and management intervention are needed in order tomake the sector more competitive in the markets and there by improve the livelihood of the ruralpoor with the following specific objectives:1. To study honey production systems, determine productivity, identify apiculture potentials,bee forages, constraints and opportunities of beekeeping2. To investigate the processing , marketing and determine quality state of honey3. To identify the major type of pests, predators, disease and extent of bee poisoning bychemicals and poisonous plants4
2. LITERATURE REVIEW2.1 Origin and Evolution of Bees and BeekeepingBees likely evolved from wasp like ancestors, contemporaneously with the angiosperm plantstowards the end of cretaceous period, 60 to100 million years ago (Martin, 1976). According toDietz (1986) the present bee fauna probably originated more than 70 million years ago.Currently, eleven families of bees are generally recognized, only some of which are identified byderived traits setting them apart from other bee families. There are about 1000 genus (and subgenus), combined with sub genera, approximately 600 generic groups and an estimated 20,000living species of bees residing in the world’s museums (Roubik, 1989).Bees (Apoidea) are a super family of about 20,000 species, in the order Hymenoptera. Themajority of bee species are ‘solitary’ while the minorities are social (bumble bees and stinglessbees), and only a few species of social bees, are kept in hives by beekeepers.There are three families of social bees, which produce honey. These are: the Bombidae,Meliponidae and Apidae (Smith, 1960). The Bombidae are found mainly in temperate climates.Their nests are very small, often in the ground and are of no commercial importance except aspollinators of certain plants. The Meliponidae, or stingless bees, occur throughout the tropicalregions of the world. Their nesting places may be holes in the ground, in hollow trees or smallcavities in walls and on the underside of branches. The family Apidae, to which the honeybeebelongs, is indigenous only to Europe, Africa and Asia (FAO, 1986; Crane, 1990).A honeybee found in East Africa was reported from the upper Pleistocene period, 100, 000 yearsago (Bischoff, 1960 cited by Dietz, 1986). This bee could not be differentiated from thecontemporary African honeybee species (Dietz, 1986).Beekeeping, which is today practiced over a greater area of the earth’s surface than perhaps anyother single branch of agriculture, passed through different stages of development: honey5
Page 1 and 2: Honeybee Production and Marketing S
Page 3 and 4: DEDICATIONThis thesis is dedicated
Page 5 and 6: LIST OF ABBREVIATIONSACSIAMPANRSBoA
Page 7 and 8: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSAbove all, thanks t
Page 9 and 10: LIST OF FIGURESFigure 2: Traditiona
Page 11 and 12: LIST OF ABBREVIATIONSACKNOWLEDGEMEN
Page 13 and 14: Appendix 7.2 Honeybee Floras of Bur
Page 15 and 16: 1. INTRODUCTIONAfrica is blessed wi
Page 17: Recently, different beekeeping deve
Page 21 and 22: Beekeeping up to 1500 AD continued
Page 23 and 24: this characteristic allows their su
Page 25 and 26: people to look more deeply at the f
Page 27 and 28: 2002). Among these A.m. monticlola
Page 29 and 30: hives, environmental conditions and
Page 31 and 32: give higher yield and quality honey
Page 33 and 34: Honeybee is also believed to play a
Page 35 and 36: properties of Ethiopian honey were
Page 37 and 38: An introduction of improved hives a
Page 39 and 40: 3.1.2 Topography, Altitude and Clim
Page 41 and 42: • Honey production and marketing
Page 43 and 44: homogenized honey samples. The refr
Page 45 and 46: The absorbance of the sample soluti
Page 47 and 48: W 2 = weight (g) of honey sampleY 2
Page 49 and 50: economically active age groups and
Page 51 and 52: 4.1.4 Livestock holdings and purpos
Page 53 and 54: 4.1.6 Availability of creditsAccord
Page 55 and 56: 4.2 Beekeeping practicesUnder this
Page 57 and 58: 4.2.1.2 Top bar hive beekeepingAcco
Page 59 and 60: 4.2.2 Reason for involvement in bee
Page 61 and 62: Table 9: Criteria to select an apia
Page 63 and 64: service shouldered on Bureau of Agr
Page 65 and 66: Generally, top bar and moveable fra
Page 67 and 68: 4.2.8 Beekeeping trainingFrom this
Page 69 and 70:
4.2.10 Incidence of absconding and
Page 71 and 72:
indigenous knowledge, further resea
Page 73 and 74:
Figure 5: Colony marketing in Bure
Page 75 and 76:
form of top-bar hive may be one ste
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gourd (10.8%) and animal skin (2.5%
Page 79 and 80:
colonies are not placed nearby sour
Page 81 and 82:
Table 22: Major enemies of bees in
Page 83 and 84:
Table 23: Indigenous knowledge of b
Page 85 and 86:
Table 24: Percent distribution of u
Page 87 and 88:
There was price variations based on
Page 89 and 90:
our country the acceptable HMF is b
Page 91 and 92:
Table 27: Physiochemical component
Page 93 and 94:
Generally, top bar and moveable fra
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Table 29 Major constraints of beeke
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More over improving and encouraging
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6 REFERENCESAdebabay kebede, Kerale
Page 101 and 102:
honeybee (A. mellifera L.) disease
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Martin, E.C. 1976. The use of bees
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7 APPENDIXAppendix 7.1 Map of the s
Page 107 and 108:
Amharic Scientific name Floral cale
Page 109 and 110:
Appendix 7.3 Relationship of water
Page 111 and 112:
Appendix 7.5 Method of Chemical Sol
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Appendix 7.6 Honey quality laborato
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2. Crop Production2.1 Landholding (
Page 117 and 118:
4. Credit Sources and Availability4
Page 119 and 120:
5.1.10.2. If there is a decrease in
Page 121 and 122:
5.1.17. What are the major advantag
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5.3. Beekeeping equipments and prot
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1. Removal of queen cells 1.Yes ___
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5.4.17. What are the sale prices of
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7.1. Do you sale your honey? 1. Yes
Page 131:
8. Constraints of beekeeping8.1. Wh
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