Honeybee Production and Marketing Systems, Constraints - IPMS ...

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Transitional beekeeping started in Ethiopia since 1976 and the types of hives used are: Kenyatop-bar hive, Tanzania top-bar hive and Mud- block hives. Among these, KTB is widely knownand commonly used in many parts of the country (HBRC, 1997). The advantages of KTB overfixed comb hive and movable frame hive is discussed by Segeren (1995), Nicola (2002) and SOSSahel (2002).Top-bar hive in an ideal condition can yield about 50 kg of honey per year, but under Ethiopiancondition, the average amount of crude honey produced would be 7-8 kg/hive/year (Gezahegne,2001a). However, at zonal level (North Wello) it has been reported that production of 24-26kilograms crude honey per hive per year (SOS, Sahel 1999), and about 8 percent as muchbeeswax per kilogram of honey is likely to be obtained.2.5.3.4 Modern System of BeekeepingModern beekeeping methods aim to obtain the maximum honey crop, season after season,without harming bees (Nicola, 2002). Modern movable- frame hive consists of precisely maderectangular box hives (hive bodies) superimposed one above the other in a tier. The number ofboxes is varied seasonally according to the population size of bees.Practical movable- frame hive was invented in 1851 by Lorenzo Lorraine Langstroth in U.S.A.(Crane, 1976; Vivian, 1985). Later on different countries developed their own movable framehives (for instance Zander, Dadant) and Langstroth was the prototype of movable frame hivesused today. In many countries Langstroth hive boxes have proved to be convenient for handlingand management.In Ethiopia, about 5 types of movable frame hives were introduced since 1970 (HBRC, 1997)and the most commonly used are: Zander and Langstroth style hives. Based on the nationalestimate, the average yield of pure honey from movable frame hive is 15-20 kg/year, and theamount of beeswax produced is 1-2% of the honey yield (Gezahegne, 2001a). However, inpotential areas, up to 50-60 kg harvest has been reported (HBRC, 1997). Movable frame hivesallow colony management and use of a higher level of technology, with larger colonies, and can16
give higher yield and quality honey but are likely require high investment cost and trained manpower.2.5.4 Economic Importance of Beekeeping in EthiopiaBeekeeping has been part of the farming system in Ethiopia since time immemorial. It has been atradition since long before other farming systems. Beekeeping is a very long-standing and deeprootedpractice in the rural communities of the country and around one million farmers areestimated to keep bees (Mammo, 1973). Beekeeping has been and still plays a significant role inthe national economy of the country as well as for the subsistence smallholder farmers. Thecontribution of bees and hive products, though difficult to assess, is probably one of the mostimportant small-scale income generating activities for hundred thousands of farmer beekeepers.Beekeeping has many advantages that help farmer beekeepers to improve their well being. Thesocio-economic impact of beekeeping and the main hive products and importance of beekeepingare summarized as follows:2.5.4.1 Honey ProductionHoney, the natural product of honeybee, has many times been described as man’s sweetest food.It is an excellent energy source because it contains simple sugars that are ready for assimilationimmediately on reaching the intestine.Honey contains more than 180 elements and it has several uses (HBRC, 1997). There is a strong,local demand for honey, due to its use for the production of traditional beverage ‘Tej’ (honeymead). In Ethiopia, much honey has traditionally been fermented to make 'Tej and according toEdessa (2002) 85 percent of the total honey estimated to be brought for market is used for ‘Tej’production and 15 percent of the total honey produced is consumed at home. Moreover, from thetotal honey produced in the country beekeepers are estimated to earn about 360-480 million Birrper year (Nuru, 2002).17
Page 1 and 2: Honeybee Production and Marketing S
Page 3 and 4: DEDICATIONThis thesis is dedicated
Page 5 and 6: LIST OF ABBREVIATIONSACSIAMPANRSBoA
Page 7 and 8: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSAbove all, thanks t
Page 9 and 10: LIST OF FIGURESFigure 2: Traditiona
Page 11 and 12: LIST OF ABBREVIATIONSACKNOWLEDGEMEN
Page 13 and 14: Appendix 7.2 Honeybee Floras of Bur
Page 15 and 16: 1. INTRODUCTIONAfrica is blessed wi
Page 17 and 18: Recently, different beekeeping deve
Page 19 and 20: 2. LITERATURE REVIEW2.1 Origin and
Page 21 and 22: Beekeeping up to 1500 AD continued
Page 23 and 24: this characteristic allows their su
Page 25 and 26: people to look more deeply at the f
Page 27 and 28: 2002). Among these A.m. monticlola
Page 29: hives, environmental conditions and
Page 33 and 34: Honeybee is also believed to play a
Page 35 and 36: properties of Ethiopian honey were
Page 37 and 38: An introduction of improved hives a
Page 39 and 40: 3.1.2 Topography, Altitude and Clim
Page 41 and 42: • Honey production and marketing
Page 43 and 44: homogenized honey samples. The refr
Page 45 and 46: The absorbance of the sample soluti
Page 47 and 48: W 2 = weight (g) of honey sampleY 2
Page 49 and 50: economically active age groups and
Page 51 and 52: 4.1.4 Livestock holdings and purpos
Page 53 and 54: 4.1.6 Availability of creditsAccord
Page 55 and 56: 4.2 Beekeeping practicesUnder this
Page 57 and 58: 4.2.1.2 Top bar hive beekeepingAcco
Page 59 and 60: 4.2.2 Reason for involvement in bee
Page 61 and 62: Table 9: Criteria to select an apia
Page 63 and 64: service shouldered on Bureau of Agr
Page 65 and 66: Generally, top bar and moveable fra
Page 67 and 68: 4.2.8 Beekeeping trainingFrom this
Page 69 and 70: 4.2.10 Incidence of absconding and
Page 71 and 72: indigenous knowledge, further resea
Page 73 and 74: Figure 5: Colony marketing in Bure
Page 75 and 76: form of top-bar hive may be one ste
Page 77 and 78: gourd (10.8%) and animal skin (2.5%
Page 79 and 80: colonies are not placed nearby sour
Page 81 and 82:
Table 22: Major enemies of bees in
Page 83 and 84:
Table 23: Indigenous knowledge of b
Page 85 and 86:
Table 24: Percent distribution of u
Page 87 and 88:
There was price variations based on
Page 89 and 90:
our country the acceptable HMF is b
Page 91 and 92:
Table 27: Physiochemical component
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Generally, top bar and moveable fra
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Table 29 Major constraints of beeke
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More over improving and encouraging
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6 REFERENCESAdebabay kebede, Kerale
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honeybee (A. mellifera L.) disease
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Martin, E.C. 1976. The use of bees
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7 APPENDIXAppendix 7.1 Map of the s
Page 107 and 108:
Amharic Scientific name Floral cale
Page 109 and 110:
Appendix 7.3 Relationship of water
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Appendix 7.5 Method of Chemical Sol
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Appendix 7.6 Honey quality laborato
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2. Crop Production2.1 Landholding (
Page 117 and 118:
4. Credit Sources and Availability4
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5.1.10.2. If there is a decrease in
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5.1.17. What are the major advantag
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5.3. Beekeeping equipments and prot
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1. Removal of queen cells 1.Yes ___
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5.4.17. What are the sale prices of
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7.1. Do you sale your honey? 1. Yes
Page 131:
8. Constraints of beekeeping8.1. Wh
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