Honeybee Production and Marketing Systems, Constraints - IPMS ...

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4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION4.1 Socio- Economic Characteristics of HouseholdsThis section provides an overview of the beekeeping practices of sample respondents in Buredistrict based on the questionnaire survey result and samples collected. In this section, the resultsare presented and discussed more specifically and entirely to the situation of sample households.4.1.1 Household characteristicsFrom the total of 120 sample households interviewed to generate qualitative and quantitativedata on beekeeping, about 98.3% were male headed and the rest 1.7% were female headed. Thisvery limited number of female participation agrees with Adebabay (2008). This might be due tothe fact that even though parts or all of the beekeeping activities were performed by women theseare reported as the work of men (head of the household).The average family size of the sample farmers in the study area was 4.92 persons, withmaximum and minimum family size of 8 and 1 person, respectively. This variable can indicatethe food needs and competition for resources available. This difference is dealt to beinsignificant as consulted from the test statistics.The beekeepers had an average experience of 14.51 years ranges from 1 to 45 years (Table 1).The level of beekeepers' experience was taken to be the number of years that an individual wascontinuously engaged in beekeeping. This is what one would expect in a situation where peopleare actively engaged starting from an early age in helping older beekeepers to undertake basictasks. Based on this exposure, young people gradually move on to become independentbeekeepers as soon as they obtain their own hives (Gichora, 2003). They continue accumulatingexperience by seeking technical advice from fellow beekeepers whenever necessary.The mean age of the respondents were 41.46 years (with standard deviation of 11.25 years)ranging from 20 to 66 years (Table 1). This result showed that beekeeping can be performed by34
economically active age groups and in most cases people at younger and old age is activelyengaged in beekeeping activities.Table 1: Age, experience, family size and land holding of household headsTotal sample (n=120)Socio-economic indicators Minimum Maximum Mean S.DAge of household (yrs.) 20.00 66.00 41.46 11.25Experience (yrs.) 1 45 14.51 8.73Family size 1 8 4.92 1.27Land holding (ha) 0.25 4.49 1.77 0.91Of the total households interviewed, 97.5 % are married while 0.8%, 0.8% and 0.8% are single,divorced and widows, respectively. With regard to religion, all of the household respondents(100%) are Orthodox (Christians). Based on the results of this study, people regardless of theirmarital status undertake beekeeping activities in the district.Sample respondents were also interviewed to describe their participation and involvement in thecommunity and 42.5% were simply members where as about 13.3% have a role in politicalparticipation (Table 2).Table 2: Household heads participation in the communityTotal sample (n=120)Household heads participation N %Political leader 16 13.3Religious leader 5 4.2Elder(yager shimagile) 44 36.7Community member 51 42.5Kebele police 1 0.8Kebele team leader 3 2.5Total 120 100.035
Page 1 and 2: Honeybee Production and Marketing S
Page 3 and 4: DEDICATIONThis thesis is dedicated
Page 5 and 6: LIST OF ABBREVIATIONSACSIAMPANRSBoA
Page 7 and 8: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSAbove all, thanks t
Page 9 and 10: LIST OF FIGURESFigure 2: Traditiona
Page 11 and 12: LIST OF ABBREVIATIONSACKNOWLEDGEMEN
Page 13 and 14: Appendix 7.2 Honeybee Floras of Bur
Page 15 and 16: 1. INTRODUCTIONAfrica is blessed wi
Page 17 and 18: Recently, different beekeeping deve
Page 19 and 20: 2. LITERATURE REVIEW2.1 Origin and
Page 21 and 22: Beekeeping up to 1500 AD continued
Page 23 and 24: this characteristic allows their su
Page 25 and 26: people to look more deeply at the f
Page 27 and 28: 2002). Among these A.m. monticlola
Page 29 and 30: hives, environmental conditions and
Page 31 and 32: give higher yield and quality honey
Page 33 and 34: Honeybee is also believed to play a
Page 35 and 36: properties of Ethiopian honey were
Page 37 and 38: An introduction of improved hives a
Page 39 and 40: 3.1.2 Topography, Altitude and Clim
Page 41 and 42: • Honey production and marketing
Page 43 and 44: homogenized honey samples. The refr
Page 45 and 46: The absorbance of the sample soluti
Page 47: W 2 = weight (g) of honey sampleY 2
Page 51 and 52: 4.1.4 Livestock holdings and purpos
Page 53 and 54: 4.1.6 Availability of creditsAccord
Page 55 and 56: 4.2 Beekeeping practicesUnder this
Page 57 and 58: 4.2.1.2 Top bar hive beekeepingAcco
Page 59 and 60: 4.2.2 Reason for involvement in bee
Page 61 and 62: Table 9: Criteria to select an apia
Page 63 and 64: service shouldered on Bureau of Agr
Page 65 and 66: Generally, top bar and moveable fra
Page 67 and 68: 4.2.8 Beekeeping trainingFrom this
Page 69 and 70: 4.2.10 Incidence of absconding and
Page 71 and 72: indigenous knowledge, further resea
Page 73 and 74: Figure 5: Colony marketing in Bure
Page 75 and 76: form of top-bar hive may be one ste
Page 77 and 78: gourd (10.8%) and animal skin (2.5%
Page 79 and 80: colonies are not placed nearby sour
Page 81 and 82: Table 22: Major enemies of bees in
Page 83 and 84: Table 23: Indigenous knowledge of b
Page 85 and 86: Table 24: Percent distribution of u
Page 87 and 88: There was price variations based on
Page 89 and 90: our country the acceptable HMF is b
Page 91 and 92: Table 27: Physiochemical component
Page 93 and 94: Generally, top bar and moveable fra
Page 95 and 96: Table 29 Major constraints of beeke
Page 97 and 98: More over improving and encouraging
Page 99 and 100:
6 REFERENCESAdebabay kebede, Kerale
Page 101 and 102:
honeybee (A. mellifera L.) disease
Page 103 and 104:
Martin, E.C. 1976. The use of bees
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7 APPENDIXAppendix 7.1 Map of the s
Page 107 and 108:
Amharic Scientific name Floral cale
Page 109 and 110:
Appendix 7.3 Relationship of water
Page 111 and 112:
Appendix 7.5 Method of Chemical Sol
Page 113 and 114:
Appendix 7.6 Honey quality laborato
Page 115 and 116:
2. Crop Production2.1 Landholding (
Page 117 and 118:
4. Credit Sources and Availability4
Page 119 and 120:
5.1.10.2. If there is a decrease in
Page 121 and 122:
5.1.17. What are the major advantag
Page 123 and 124:
5.3. Beekeeping equipments and prot
Page 125 and 126:
1. Removal of queen cells 1.Yes ___
Page 127 and 128:
5.4.17. What are the sale prices of
Page 129 and 130:
7.1. Do you sale your honey? 1. Yes
Page 131:
8. Constraints of beekeeping8.1. Wh
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