Honeybee Production and Marketing Systems, Constraints - IPMS ...

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having identified the major pests facing the beekeeping activities, farmers were requested to rankthem and the result indicated that ants, wax moth (Galleria mellonella), bee-eater birds, spider,bee lice (Braula coecal.), honey badger (Mellivora capensis), termite, small hive beetles(Aethina tumida) and snake were the most harmful pests in order of decreasing importance(Table 21). Based on the results of this survey, 65% of sample respondents had observedhoneybee diseases in their hive. The beekeepers recognized that their bees could suffer fromdisease locally known as ‘mich’, or ‘abrek’ or ‘muashegn’ (78%), which result in mass death ofadult honeybees in the hive. However, the beekeepers did not known the real causes. Somebeekeepers also responded as if they observed brood disease (3.8%), which results in bad smellof the hive and formation of worms and others responded (17.9%) the presence of ‘mich’ and‘tel’. In reality, there is no honeybee disease that is known to create worm in the hive. Theperception of the beekeepers in the formation of worms due to disease has had probably happendue to lack of knowledge of differentiating the damage caused by honeybee diseases and larvaeof wax moth. The latter is known to affect the bee’s comb through its larvae with which thebeekeepers get confused worms formed due to disease.Table 21: Percent and ranks of major pests and predatorsTotal sample (n=120)Major pest and predator % RankAnts 26.7 1Wax moth 17.5 2Bee lice 11.7 3Beetles 8.3 4Spiders 6.7 5Wasps 4.2 7Prey mantis 3.3 8Lizard 5.0 6Snake 2.5 9Monkey 1.7 10Birds 8.3 4Hamagot /shelemetmat/ 4.2 7Total 100.0Besides to identifications, beekeepers of the Bure district have serious concern and have richexperience and various practices in controlling some of the honeybee pests (Table 22).66
Table 22: Major enemies of bees in Bure district as ranked by respondents and preventive measuresPest andpredatorAntsPreventive measuresClean apiary, Place fresh ash and urea fertilizer around the base of a hive stand,plastering hives stands with mud, spraying garlic juice, malatin and hot water,burning the ants with fire, destroying ants nests, use of white eucalyptus leaves asrepellant, plastering of thin rubber sheets and metals between the hive and hivestands, pour used engine oil around the hive stand and keeping weeds well awayfrom the base of the hive stand.Wax mothClean apiary, remove old comb, and strengthen the colony, fumigation withcotton cloth and sorghum bran, rubbing with recommended plant materials likeVernonia amygdalina, spraying garlic juice.Bee liceClean apiary, fumigate with Olea Africana and cigarette and sorghum bran andmake the colony strong.BeetlesClean apiary, narrowing the hive entrance, hand picking and kill, cover r openingof hive.SpidersWaspsPrey mantisLizardSnakeBirdsClean apiary, removal of spider’s web and killing.Clean apiaryCleaning apiaryClean apiary, use spin around and killClean apiary, smoking with plant material and killPutting something (cloth, festal…) and spin around the hive and, Killing using‘wonchifHamagotUse spin, killing, fencing and chasing with dogs67
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Honeybee Production and Marketing S
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DEDICATIONThis thesis is dedicated
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONSACSIAMPANRSBoA
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSAbove all, thanks t
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LIST OF FIGURESFigure 2: Traditiona
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONSACKNOWLEDGEMEN
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Appendix 7.2 Honeybee Floras of Bur
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1. INTRODUCTIONAfrica is blessed wi
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Recently, different beekeeping deve
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2. LITERATURE REVIEW2.1 Origin and
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Beekeeping up to 1500 AD continued
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this characteristic allows their su
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people to look more deeply at the f
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2002). Among these A.m. monticlola
Page 29 and 30: hives, environmental conditions and
Page 31 and 32: give higher yield and quality honey
Page 33 and 34: Honeybee is also believed to play a
Page 35 and 36: properties of Ethiopian honey were
Page 37 and 38: An introduction of improved hives a
Page 39 and 40: 3.1.2 Topography, Altitude and Clim
Page 41 and 42: • Honey production and marketing
Page 43 and 44: homogenized honey samples. The refr
Page 45 and 46: The absorbance of the sample soluti
Page 47 and 48: W 2 = weight (g) of honey sampleY 2
Page 49 and 50: economically active age groups and
Page 51 and 52: 4.1.4 Livestock holdings and purpos
Page 53 and 54: 4.1.6 Availability of creditsAccord
Page 55 and 56: 4.2 Beekeeping practicesUnder this
Page 57 and 58: 4.2.1.2 Top bar hive beekeepingAcco
Page 59 and 60: 4.2.2 Reason for involvement in bee
Page 61 and 62: Table 9: Criteria to select an apia
Page 63 and 64: service shouldered on Bureau of Agr
Page 65 and 66: Generally, top bar and moveable fra
Page 67 and 68: 4.2.8 Beekeeping trainingFrom this
Page 69 and 70: 4.2.10 Incidence of absconding and
Page 71 and 72: indigenous knowledge, further resea
Page 73 and 74: Figure 5: Colony marketing in Bure
Page 75 and 76: form of top-bar hive may be one ste
Page 77 and 78: gourd (10.8%) and animal skin (2.5%
Page 79: colonies are not placed nearby sour
Page 83 and 84: Table 23: Indigenous knowledge of b
Page 85 and 86: Table 24: Percent distribution of u
Page 87 and 88: There was price variations based on
Page 89 and 90: our country the acceptable HMF is b
Page 91 and 92: Table 27: Physiochemical component
Page 93 and 94: Generally, top bar and moveable fra
Page 95 and 96: Table 29 Major constraints of beeke
Page 97 and 98: More over improving and encouraging
Page 99 and 100: 6 REFERENCESAdebabay kebede, Kerale
Page 101 and 102: honeybee (A. mellifera L.) disease
Page 103 and 104: Martin, E.C. 1976. The use of bees
Page 105 and 106: 7 APPENDIXAppendix 7.1 Map of the s
Page 107 and 108: Amharic Scientific name Floral cale
Page 109 and 110: Appendix 7.3 Relationship of water
Page 111 and 112: Appendix 7.5 Method of Chemical Sol
Page 113 and 114: Appendix 7.6 Honey quality laborato
Page 115 and 116: 2. Crop Production2.1 Landholding (
Page 117 and 118: 4. Credit Sources and Availability4
Page 119 and 120: 5.1.10.2. If there is a decrease in
Page 121 and 122: 5.1.17. What are the major advantag
Page 123 and 124: 5.3. Beekeeping equipments and prot
Page 125 and 126: 1. Removal of queen cells 1.Yes ___
Page 127 and 128: 5.4.17. What are the sale prices of
Page 129 and 130: 7.1. Do you sale your honey? 1. Yes
Page 131:
8. Constraints of beekeeping8.1. Wh
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