Thesis document - Jana Milosovicova - Urban Design English

the street);c. Option b) + some of the upper floors projecting towardsthe streets 40 .Options a) and c) provide both shading and the overhang reduces downflowof wind along the windward walls along the street. In moderate climate,cases b) and c) proves as the most favourable, giving pedestriansthe choice to walk exposed to the sun or protected by shade.Fig. 58 Vegetated swale in an urban streetscapein Seattle. The higher the herbaceous orbushy vegetation the better. (US EPA)Water cycle and VegetationThe main objective is “resurfacing” – by making all surfaces“evapotranspirative landscapes”.VegetationThe imperative message is to increase the area of permeable soiland plantation, to increase the cooling through evapotranspirationand to provide cooling shade. This means bringing vegetated surfacesconnected to the soil back into cities (and beyond them) in anyform possible:Fig. 59 Vegetation covering all roofs of Bancode Santander, Madrid. (Irishtimes.com)• Create pockets of green space, vegetated swales in thestreets and scattered vegetation to help cool areas naturally(fig. 58).• Plant trees on vegetated surfaces, for like that, they achievehigher temperature reduction.• Plant vegetation on buildings in form of podium gardens, greenroofs (fig. 59) and façades (fig. 60): With the strong verticaldimension of cities, the potential planting area is not minimized, buton the contrary, enlarged – the surface areas that usually presenta burden to the climate, might thus be the opposite! Greening ofbuildings, especially green roofs and walls, is an imperative missiontowards alleviating the urban temperature extremes;• Conduct trams on green trails (fig. 61).• Create permeable and vegetated parking lots (fig. 62), preferablyplaced under vegetated pergolas or dense trees.Fig. 60 Vegetated façade in Malmö, Sweden.Rainwater managementThe general principle of the climate-related, decentralized urban hydrologicalmanagement translates into at least four design goals forurban districts, being of following priority 41 :1.2.Enhancement of vegetated surfaces for on-site evapotranspirationof rainwater through vegetation;Retention ponds and lakes for on-site evapotranspiration of rain-Fig. 61 Trams conducted on green trails,Freiburg-Vauban.40 Might be seen as compensation to the developer for the loss of the ground floorcommercial space, while providing additional shade. Particularly positive in residentialareas with small enterprises that do not require abundant space in theground floor level, and where the need for living space is higher.41 After SenStadt Berlin and TU Berlin 2010, p. 17; Emmanuel 2005, p. 125,amended.44Climate Sensitive Urban Design in Moderate Climate Zone: Responding to Future Heat Waves. Case Study Berlin Heidestrasse/Europacity