Thesis document - Jana Milosovicova - Urban Design English

Ground waterHeat WaveH/W ratio“Water beneath the earth’s surface that fills underground pockets (known as aquifers) andmoves between soil particles and rock, supplying wells and springs (Yeang 2006, p. 448).”“Although there is no adequate definition of a heat wave, warnings are issued whenthresholds of daytime high and nighttime low heat index (Hi) values are exceeded forat least two consecutive days. The heat index is a combination of ambient temperatureand humidity that approximates the environmental aspect of the thermal regime of ahuman body, with the thresholds representing a generalized estimate of the onset ofphysiological stress. Heat waves are a major cause of weather-related deaths. With thecurrent concern for global warming, it is reasonable to suppose that they may increasein frequency, severity, duration, or areal extent in the future.” (Robinson 2001)The ratio of height (H) of the buildings to the spacing (width – W) between them. Thevalue of this ratio interprets, how much of incident solar radiation reaches the ground,and heats up the air near the ground (Givoni 1998, p. 247).Impermeable “Restricts the movement of products through the surface” (Yeang 2006, p. 450)Impervious surface area “Area that has been sealed and does not allow water to infiltrate, such as roofs, plazas,streets and other hard surfaces.” (Yeang 2006, p. 450)InfiltrationInsolationLatent heat“The passing of water into the soil or into a drainage system.” (Science Dictionary,online) v“A contraction of ‘incoming solar radiation’, meaning the amount of solar energy on agiven area over a certain period of time. The total amount of solar radiation (direct,diffuese and reflected) striking a surface exposed to the sky. (...)” (Yeang 2006, p. 451)“The heat taken in or given out when a solid changes into a liquid or vapour, or when a liquidchanges into a vapour at a constant temperature and pressure.” (Science Dictionary, online)“Latent heat is the only form of the Earth’s surface reaching transformed solar radiation thatis not connected with increasing the temperatures” (Kravčík et al. 2007, p. 25).Local development plan, binding land-use plan“The binding land-use plan lays down legally binding rules for the development andorganisation of sections of the municipal territory. It is developed on the basis of thepreparatory land-use plan, but, unlike the latter, it creates direct rights and duties withregard to the utilisation of the sites within its purview. (…)” (BSR Glossaries, online)Long-wave radiation“Terrestrial radiation in the spectral range 4000 – 100 000 nm. It is irradiated by theatmosphere and the earth’s surface.” (ThiesClima, online)Mean Radiant Temperature (Tmrt)Is “a very important factor in the human energy balance, and can be calculated fromtwelve radiation sensors and correlates very well with perceived human comfort” (Matzarakiset al., 2007)“Where Qa is the total shortwave and thermal radiation absorbed by the human body (Wm -2 ), ε is the thermal emissivity (-) and σ is the Stefan Boltzmann constant (W m -2 K -4 ).Directional dependant weighing factors and shortwave radiation absorption coefficientsneed to be considered for calculating radiation load on a human.” (Heusinkveld et al.2010, p. 435)Glossary63