Thesis document - Jana Milosovicova - Urban Design English

GlossaryAdiabatic coolingAlbedoAmbient temperature“A process used in air conditioning systems to air-condition buildings using evaporativecooling. The process is applied indirectly: one air flow is humidified as the other air flowis cooled. Evaporative cooling is a renewable energy, because only air and water are usedfor cooling. The principle of this process is the same as that of sweating, in which waterevaporates through transpiration. The heat required for the evaporation is drawn fromthe environment, which cools human skin.” (SenStadt Berlin and TU Berlin 2010, p. 62)Also called surface reflectance. Expresses the ratio of reflected radiation out of totalradiation. For example, vegetation reflects about 5-30% of shortwave solar radiationand hence has an albedo of 0.05-0.3; a colour-painted wall reflects up to 35% (albedo0.35), while a white-painted wall reflects up to 90% of solar radiation and has an albedoof 0.9 (Kravčík et al. 2007, p. 25).“Dry bulb temperature of the medium (air, water or earth) surrounding people, objectsor environment (Yeang 2006, p. 441).”Biotope Area Factor (BAF)“Instrument for securing “green qualities” in Berlin‘s inner city. It can be stipulated inBerlin as a statutory ordinance in a landscape plan. It contributes to the standardisationand concretisation of environmental quality goals, specifies the proportion of the area ofa property to serve as a planted area and takes on other ecosystem functions.” (SenStadtBerlin and TU Berlin 2010, p. 63)Constructed wetlandConvectionMan-made “environment characterized by shallow or fluctuating levels and abundantaquatic and marsh plants (...)” (Yeang 2006, p. 462); that pretreats rain- and “wastewaterby filtration, settling, and bacterial decomposition in a natural-looking linedmarsh.” (University of Minnesota, Extension, online).“The process of heat transfer by flowing and mixing motions in fluids. It is primarilydependent on air temperature and outside air motion (Roche and Liggett 2000).”Decentralized rainwater managementRainwater collection, evapotranspiration, re-use and infiltration on-site, where therainwater run-off from the development is not being led into wastewater or rainwatersewers.EvapotranspirationFloor Area Ratio (FAR)Green roof“The combination of evaporation of standing and soil water, and transpiration – themovement of water from the soil through a plant until it is released into the atmospherefrom leaf surfaces.” (Science Dictionary, online)“The ratio of the floor area of building to the area of the lot on which the building islocated.” (City of Boulder, online)“Vegetation cover on roof surfaces. There are two types: extensive and intensive. Extensivegreen roofs (also referred to as ecoroofs or living roofs): thin soil layer with horizontallyspreading, low-growing vegetation cover over entire roof surface that addsminimal loads to structure; serves as ecological storm-water management control byeliminating or delaying runoff. Also effectively reduces temperatures of the roof surfaceby absorbing heat from the sun, which may reduce the urban heat island effect. Intensivegreen roofs (also referred to as traditional roof garden): thick soil layer or planterswith vegetation, such as trees and shrubs that requires intensive care and maintenance;add substantial loads to buildings structure (Yeang 2006, p. 448)”; but also being moreefficient in term of evapotranspiration and thus in temperature lowering effects, sinceintensive green roofs often require increased irrigation (Marco Schmidt, consultation).62Climate Sensitive Urban Design in Moderate Climate Zone: Responding to Future Heat Waves. Case Study Berlin Heidestrasse/Europacity